(中译英)不仅销售人员是这样，而且精明能干的高层管理人员也这样。

Answer the following essay question in English within 80~100 words. Write you answers on the Answer Sheet.Ideal of A Great Leader(1)Of all figures from America's past, Abraham Lincoln is dearest to the hearts of the American people. In fact, the admiration they have had for him borders on worship. Writers note the fact that the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. is not unlike the temples that ancient Greeks built in honor of their gods, and that the annual ceremony of celebrating Lincoln's birthday in schools and other public places has sometimes had characteristics of a religious service. Whether this last observation is true or not,certainly Lincoln is America s ideal of a great leader. He had many qualities of leadership that have appealed to Americans.(2)First of all, Lincoln s career fits a popular American belief that every child can dream of becoming president. In other words,no matter how humble a person's beginning, there is no class system that prevents him or her from becoming a leader in industry, government. or any of the professions if he or she has ambition,brains, and a willingness to work. Americans admire the self-made person —— the one who， with neither money nor family influence, fights his or her way to the top. Lincoln was born of poor parents. His mother died when he was young. The shack in which he and his father lived one winter had only three walls and the fourth side was open to the weather. He had little opportunity for schooling. Most of his early study was done by himself at night by the light of a fireplace. He did hard manual labor through the day-splitting rails for fences, taking care of livestock, working on a riverboat or in a store. But as he grew older he studied law in his spare time and set up a practice. Fie was a good speaker and student of political philosophy. His ability finally made a name for him，and eventually he became president of the United States.(3)Lincoln is also admired because of his leadership) during the difficult period of the Civil War. He dared to do what he thought was right al a time when his beliefs were unpopular with many people. He, in a sense, represents the spirit of union among the states. Before the Civil War, the economy of the South depended upon the plantation system, which made sure of slave labor. Reformers in the northern states put so much pressure upon Congress not to extend slavery to territories destined for statehood that some of the southern states wanted to secede from the United States. They argued that the question of slavery was a matter for the individual stales to decide rather than the federal government. and they did not want to submit to its decision. The national government in Washington said that no state had the right to secede and the Civil War was the result. If the South had won the war. what is now the United States might well have been divided into several countries with regional interests and problems. Lincoln dedicated himself to preserving the Union, and the northern states with him at their head were victorious. Americans from both the North and South now generally feel that keeping the states together as one country has produced long-range benefits. and Lincoln has received much of the credit for holding the Union together.(4)Furthermore. Lincoln had many personal qualities that made him dear to the hearts of his countrymen. He had infinite patience and tolerance for those who disagreed with him. As president. he appointed the men to his cabinet whom he considered most capable for the job, even though some of them openly scorned him and humiliated him. He bore their discourtesy toward him with admirable restraint. He was generous to his opponents. There are many stories about his courteous treatment of the Southern leaders. When the war was over, he bore the South no malice. Since generosity toward a defeated opponent is admired by Americans, Lincoln fitted the national ideal of what is right.(5)Shortly after the Civil War was over. Lincoln was shot one night while attending a play in Washington Theater. He died within a few hours. The reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable. Newspapers were edged with black. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long. Lincoln's body was taken by train back to his former home in Springfield,Illinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed. the casket was paraded through streets lined with mourning thousands. In the small towns through which the train passed, bells rang in honor of the dead president. Citizens lit torches along the railroad track to show their last respect. It took the train twelve days to reach Springfield.(6)Thus the circumstances of his death made him a martyr for a cause about which people were already highly emotional. Had Lincoln lived, it might well be that his postwar policies would have brought criticism upon him that would have tarnished his popularity. Instead, an assassin's bullet erased in the minds of Americans any faults he had and emphasized his virtues.secede vi.退出，脱离 humiliate vt.羞辱 malice n.恶意 martyr n.烈士 tarnish vt.使失去光辉Why do the American people love Lincoln?

(中译英)也许她再也看不到这些熟悉的东西了，她做梦也没想到会和它们分开。

(中译英)这是辛苦的工作——艰难的生活——可是，由于她要离开这一切,她并不觉得这一切那么使人厌烦。

(中译英)报纸有权利,甚至有责任持有某种态度,采取某一立场。

(中译英)在我走南闯北的旅行中，每次拿起者地的报纸寻找我喜欢并感兴趣的东西时，都未能 如愿。

(中译英)我认为，这几十年里报纸已经成为一种习惯，而不是一种功能。报纸已享有太长时间的特权，任何变化都会让人们难以接受。实际上，我不知道近20年里还冇哪种媒体的变化像日报那样小。反对变化就是停止发展，进而使报纸失去作用。

(中译英)电视台还请四五位专家，互相唇枪舌剑，摆岀广泛的不同意见。

Answer the following essay question in English within 80~ 100 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)You are on the Titanic Ⅱ. It has just hit an iceberg and is sinking. And, as last time, there are not enough lifeboats. The captain shouts, "Women and children first!"But this lime, another voice is heard : "Why women?"(2)Why, indeed? Part of the charm of the successful movie Titanic are the period costumes, the period extravagance- and the period prejudices. An audience can enjoy these at a distance. Oddly,however, of all the period attitudes in the film, the old maritime tradition of "women and children first" enjoys total acceptance by modern audiences. Listen to the audience boo at the bad guys who try to sneak on the lifeboats with 一or ahead of—the ladies.(3)But is not grouping women with children a raging anachronism(过时现象)？ Should not any self—respecting modern person, let alone feminist. object to it as insulting to women?(4)Yet its usage is as common today as it was in 1912. Consider these examples taken almost at random from recent newspapers:(5)"The invaders gunned down the Indians, most of them women and children..."(6)"As many as 200 civilians, most of them women and children,were killed..."(7)"At the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims, including 33 women and children, were killed..."(8)"At a time when women fly combat aircraft and run multinational corporations, how can one not wince when adult women are routinely classed with children? In Ahmici. it seems, 70 adult men were killed. And how many adult women? Not clear. When things get serious, when blood starts to flow or ships start to sink 【you'll find them wiih children】."(9)Children are entitled to special consideration for two reasons: helplessness and innocence. They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of experience. Consequently, they are defenseless(incapable of fending for themselves)and blameless(incapable of real sin). That's why we grant them special protection. In an emergency, it is our duty to save them first because they, helplessly, have put their lives in our hands. And in wartime, they are supposed to be protected by special immunity because they can have threatened or offended no one.(10)The phrase "women and children" attributes to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in five-year-olds. 【Such an attitude perhaps made sense in an era dominated by male privilege】. Given the disabilities attached to womanhood in 1912, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as lifeboat seats were being handed out. That deference—a somewhat more urgent variation on giving up your seat on the bus to a woman—complemented and perhaps to some extent compensated for the legal and social constraints placed on women at that time.(11)But in our era of extensive social restructuring to grant women equality education, employment, and government, and athletics^ what entitles women to the privileges—and reduces them to the status of children?(12)Evolutionary psychologists might say that ladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed to perpetuate the species： Women are indispensable child-bearers. You can repopulate a village if the women survive and only a few of the men. but not if the men survive and only a few of the women. Women being more precious, biologically speaking, than men. evolution has conditioned us to give them the kind of life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future： kids.(13)The problem with this kind of logic, however, is its depressing reduclionism(简单化方法).It's like a serious version of the geneticist s old joke that a chicken is just an egg s way of making another egg. But humans are more than just egg-layers. And traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies. So why do we say "women and children"？(14)Perhaps it’s really “women for children”. The most basic parental bond is maternal. Equal parenting is great. but women, from breast to cradle to reassuring hug, can nurture in ways that men cannot. And thus, because we value children, women should go second. Children need them.(15)【But kiddie-centrism gets you only so far】. What if there are no children on board? You are on the Titanic ID ・ and this time it's a singles cruise. No kids, no parents.Now： Iceberg! Lifeboats! Action!(16)Here's my scenario.The men. out of sheer irrational heroism, should let the women go first. And the women, out of sheer feminist self-respect,should refuse.(17)Result? Stalemate. How does this movie encl? How should it end? Hurry, the ship s going down.Why does the author consider that the old maritime tradition of "woman and children first" made sense in 1912 but not any longer?

(中译英)实际上，应付死亡的问题要比应付老年的问题容易得多。