A number of different aspects of life can influence mental health. In a mid- 1970s study of people living in the United States, researchers identified critical areas that influence one s mental health. 1'hese areas are working life, family life.and the social role that one occupies in the community. Negative experiences in these areas• such as an unreasonable boss or a turbulent family life.can reduce one's overall sense of well-being.Another important influence on mental health is stress. In general, people experience stress when the demands placed on them exceed the resources they have available to meet those demands. Significant sources of stress include major life events- such as divorce, death of a spouse Joss of a job.and illness in the family. These events can overwhelm a person's a- bility to cope and function effectively. In addition.one source of stress may lead to another, as when financial hardship follows job loss. People who experience unusually traumatic e- vents,such as rape and natural disasters• may develop post-traumatic stress disorder.People may experience chronic stress when confronted with a continuing set of demands that reduce their ability to function. Examples of such demands include working long hours under difficult circumstances and caring for a chronically ill relative. Economic hardship, unemployment .and poverty can also produce chronic stress and undermine mental health.Some studies suggest that genetic factors may partly determine one s level of happiness and mental health. People seem to display a characteristic level of well-being, with some people usually feeling happy and others typically feeling sad or unhappy. Researchers have found that although people s moods change in response to both positive and negative events, the effect wears off over time. For example• people who win the lottery or receive an unexpected promotion may feel happier at first. but over time they return to their former characteristic level of mental health. Research suggests that one's genetic backgroundthat is.the genes inherited from one's parentsexplains more than half of the differences in people's characteristic mood levels. Genes may also partly determine the range of ups and downs that people feel.including whether people have large mood swings or remain stable from day to day.People experience stress when ______.

A number of different aspects of life can influence mental health. In a mid- 1970s study of people living in the United States, researchers identified critical areas that influence one s mental health. 1'hese areas are working life, family life.and the social role that one occupies in the community. Negative experiences in these areas• such as an unreasonable boss or a turbulent family life.can reduce one's overall sense of well-being.Another important influence on mental health is stress. In general, people experience stress when the demands placed on them exceed the resources they have available to meet those demands. Significant sources of stress include major life events- such as divorce, death of a spouse Joss of a job.and illness in the family. These events can overwhelm a person's a- bility to cope and function effectively. In addition.one source of stress may lead to another, as when financial hardship follows job loss. People who experience unusually traumatic e- vents,such as rape and natural disasters• may develop post-traumatic stress disorder.People may experience chronic stress when confronted with a continuing set of demands that reduce their ability to function. Examples of such demands include working long hours under difficult circumstances and caring for a chronically ill relative. Economic hardship, unemployment .and poverty can also produce chronic stress and undermine mental health.Some studies suggest that genetic factors may partly determine one s level of happiness and mental health. People seem to display a characteristic level of well-being, with some people usually feeling happy and others typically feeling sad or unhappy. Researchers have found that although people s moods change in response to both positive and negative events, the effect wears off over time. For example• people who win the lottery or receive an unexpected promotion may feel happier at first. but over time they return to their former characteristic level of mental health. Research suggests that one's genetic backgroundthat is.the genes inherited from one's parentsexplains more than half of the differences in people's characteristic mood levels. Genes may also partly determine the range of ups and downs that people feel.including whether people have large mood swings or remain stable from day to day.Chronic stress may result from ______.

A number of different aspects of life can influence mental health. In a mid- 1970s study of people living in the United States, researchers identified critical areas that influence one s mental health. 1'hese areas are working life, family life.and the social role that one occupies in the community. Negative experiences in these areas• such as an unreasonable boss or a turbulent family life.can reduce one's overall sense of well-being.Another important influence on mental health is stress. In general, people experience stress when the demands placed on them exceed the resources they have available to meet those demands. Significant sources of stress include major life events- such as divorce, death of a spouse Joss of a job.and illness in the family. These events can overwhelm a person's a- bility to cope and function effectively. In addition.one source of stress may lead to another, as when financial hardship follows job loss. People who experience unusually traumatic e- vents,such as rape and natural disasters• may develop post-traumatic stress disorder.People may experience chronic stress when confronted with a continuing set of demands that reduce their ability to function. Examples of such demands include working long hours under difficult circumstances and caring for a chronically ill relative. Economic hardship, unemployment .and poverty can also produce chronic stress and undermine mental health.Some studies suggest that genetic factors may partly determine one s level of happiness and mental health. People seem to display a characteristic level of well-being, with some people usually feeling happy and others typically feeling sad or unhappy. Researchers have found that although people s moods change in response to both positive and negative events, the effect wears off over time. For example• people who win the lottery or receive an unexpected promotion may feel happier at first. but over time they return to their former characteristic level of mental health. Research suggests that one's genetic backgroundthat is.the genes inherited from one's parentsexplains more than half of the differences in people's characteristic mood levels. Genes may also partly determine the range of ups and downs that people feel.including whether people have large mood swings or remain stable from day to day.From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that ______.

A number of different aspects of life can influence mental health. In a mid- 1970s study of people living in the United States, researchers identified critical areas that influence one s mental health. 1'hese areas are working life, family life.and the social role that one occupies in the community. Negative experiences in these areas• such as an unreasonable boss or a turbulent family life.can reduce one's overall sense of well-being.Another important influence on mental health is stress. In general, people experience stress when the demands placed on them exceed the resources they have available to meet those demands. Significant sources of stress include major life events- such as divorce, death of a spouse Joss of a job.and illness in the family. These events can overwhelm a person's a- bility to cope and function effectively. In addition.one source of stress may lead to another, as when financial hardship follows job loss. People who experience unusually traumatic e- vents,such as rape and natural disasters• may develop post-traumatic stress disorder.People may experience chronic stress when confronted with a continuing set of demands that reduce their ability to function. Examples of such demands include working long hours under difficult circumstances and caring for a chronically ill relative. Economic hardship, unemployment .and poverty can also produce chronic stress and undermine mental health.Some studies suggest that genetic factors may partly determine one s level of happiness and mental health. People seem to display a characteristic level of well-being, with some people usually feeling happy and others typically feeling sad or unhappy. Researchers have found that although people s moods change in response to both positive and negative events, the effect wears off over time. For example• people who win the lottery or receive an unexpected promotion may feel happier at first. but over time they return to their former characteristic level of mental health. Research suggests that one's genetic backgroundthat is.the genes inherited from one's parentsexplains more than half of the differences in people's characteristic mood levels. Genes may also partly determine the range of ups and downs that people feel.including whether people have large mood swings or remain stable from day to day.According to the passage, people's characteristic mood levels may be affected ______.

Alcatraz Island, sometimes referred to as the Rock, is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It served as a lighthouse, then a military fortification （要塞）,then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963. It became a national recreation area in 1972. Today, the island is a historic site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to tourists.The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with the understanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it. Later that same year John C. Fremont bought the island for $ 5,000 in the name of the United States government. When California became part of the United States in 1848, the U. S. Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay. Later, the army decided to turn it into the site of detention (拘禁)，a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation. In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built • and in 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility for military prisoners. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western US Military Prison.Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, dangerous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was a large cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity. The island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz), James Bulger and Alvin Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families, and no prisoner had ever successfully escaped from the island.Alcatraz Island was first used as ______.

Alcatraz Island, sometimes referred to as the Rock, is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It served as a lighthouse, then a military fortification （要塞）,then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963. It became a national recreation area in 1972. Today, the island is a historic site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to tourists.The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with the understanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it. Later that same year John C. Fremont bought the island for $ 5,000 in the name of the United States government. When California became part of the United States in 1848, the U. S. Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay. Later, the army decided to turn it into the site of detention (拘禁)，a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation. In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built • and in 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility for military prisoners. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western US Military Prison.Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, dangerous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was a large cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity. The island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz), James Bulger and Alvin Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families, and no prisoner had ever successfully escaped from the island.The first owner of Alcatraz Island is ______.

Alcatraz Island, sometimes referred to as the Rock, is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It served as a lighthouse, then a military fortification （要塞）,then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963. It became a national recreation area in 1972. Today, the island is a historic site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to tourists.The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with the understanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it. Later that same year John C. Fremont bought the island for $ 5,000 in the name of the United States government. When California became part of the United States in 1848, the U. S. Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay. Later, the army decided to turn it into the site of detention (拘禁)，a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation. In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built • and in 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility for military prisoners. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western US Military Prison.Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, dangerous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was a large cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity. The island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz), James Bulger and Alvin Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families, and no prisoner had ever successfully escaped from the island.Alcatraz Island began to house civilian prisoners in ______.

Alcatraz Island, sometimes referred to as the Rock, is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It served as a lighthouse, then a military fortification （要塞）,then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963. It became a national recreation area in 1972. Today, the island is a historic site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to tourists.The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with the understanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it. Later that same year John C. Fremont bought the island for $ 5,000 in the name of the United States government. When California became part of the United States in 1848, the U. S. Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay. Later, the army decided to turn it into the site of detention (拘禁)，a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation. In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built • and in 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility for military prisoners. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western US Military Prison.Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, dangerous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was a large cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity. The island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz), James Bulger and Alvin Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families, and no prisoner had ever successfully escaped from the island.The U.S. Army first used Alcatraz Island as ______.

Alcatraz Island, sometimes referred to as the Rock, is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It served as a lighthouse, then a military fortification （要塞）,then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963. It became a national recreation area in 1972. Today, the island is a historic site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to tourists.The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with the understanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it. Later that same year John C. Fremont bought the island for $ 5,000 in the name of the United States government. When California became part of the United States in 1848, the U. S. Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay. Later, the army decided to turn it into the site of detention (拘禁)，a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation. In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built • and in 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility for military prisoners. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western US Military Prison.Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, dangerous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was a large cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity. The island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz), James Bulger and Alvin Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families, and no prisoner had ever successfully escaped from the island.Alcatraz Island served as a federal prison between ______.

Like many of my generation. I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask： What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame. Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher povzers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous• but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂)for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi. India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (实行种族隔离的)buses» restaurants» and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.Heroes may come from different cultures, but they ______.