A fellow speaker from California named Geri was excited about her first speech in Japan. To be comfortable on her long flight to Tokyo.she put on her favorite designer jeans and a casual jacket. Fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low. they handed her their business cards. With her carry-on bag in one hand，Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards.and packed them safely into her back pocket. She then gave them her card.When the five of them arrived at the hotel. they invited Geri to tea in the lobby. While sipping tea.the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. One of Geri's most charming qualities is her instinctive warmth. She was thrilled with the gift and Un typical Geri style,she squealed，“Oh,it's beautiful!as she gave each of the gentlemen a little hug.At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up in union and，bowing only very slightly, mumbled “Sayonara” and promptly left. Poor Geri was left stunned. What did she do wrong?Everything! Her jeans was the first gaffe. Even if you're coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet clients casually dressed. The second mistake was (Jeri s vulgar handling of their business cards. In Japan.the business card is one of the most important protocol tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each other's cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. Shoving it into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.Then,The fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where saving face is critical.it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse,Geri hadn't even given them a gift!The third mistake Geri made was that she _______.

A fellow speaker from California named Geri was excited about her first speech in Japan. To be comfortable on her long flight to Tokyo.she put on her favorite designer jeans and a casual jacket. Fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low. they handed her their business cards. With her carry-on bag in one hand，Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards.and packed them safely into her back pocket. She then gave them her card.When the five of them arrived at the hotel. they invited Geri to tea in the lobby. While sipping tea.the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. One of Geri's most charming qualities is her instinctive warmth. She was thrilled with the gift and Un typical Geri style,she squealed，“Oh,it's beautiful!as she gave each of the gentlemen a little hug.At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up in union and，bowing only very slightly, mumbled “Sayonara” and promptly left. Poor Geri was left stunned. What did she do wrong?Everything! Her jeans was the first gaffe. Even if you're coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet clients casually dressed. The second mistake was (Jeri s vulgar handling of their business cards. In Japan.the business card is one of the most important protocol tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each other's cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. Shoving it into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.Then,The fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where saving face is critical.it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse,Geri hadn't even given them a gift!Geri's experiences tell us about _______.

You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway,but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors； another refers to them as special cases. One well- known West Coast school， in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century一that's when they began keeping records，anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth， there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast• will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.The main idea of this passage is that _______.

You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway,but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors； another refers to them as special cases. One well- known West Coast school， in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century一that's when they began keeping records，anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth， there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast• will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.According to the passage• special cases refer to cases where _______.

You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway,but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors； another refers to them as special cases. One well- known West Coast school， in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century一that's when they began keeping records，anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth， there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast• will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.We can infer from the passage that _______.

You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway,but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors； another refers to them as special cases. One well- known West Coast school， in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century一that's when they began keeping records，anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth， there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast• will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.This passage implies that _______.

You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway,but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors； another refers to them as special cases. One well- known West Coast school， in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century一that's when they began keeping records，anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth， there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast• will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.As used in the first line of the second paragraph. the word “utter” means _______.

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee. and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity，and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this： Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note,also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _______.

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee. and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity，and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this： Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note,also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.To extend product life, _______ strategies are often employed.

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee. and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity，and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this： Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note,also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.When people stick to one brand,the product goes into _______.