A Great Author for ChildrenE.B. White, the author of twenty books of prose (散文)and poetry, was awarded the 1970 Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for his children's books, Stuart Little and Charlotte's Web. This award is now given every three years to an author or illustrator whose books are published in the United States, and whose books have made a substantial and lasting contribution to literature for children.The year 1970 also marked the publication of Mr. White' s third book for children, The Trumpet of the Swan. And this book was honored by the International Board on Books for Young People as an outstanding example of literature with international importance. In 1973, it received the Sequoyah Award (Oklahoma) and the William Allen White Award (Kansas) , voted by the school children as their favorite book” of the year.Born in Mount Vernon, New York, Mr. White attended public schools there. He was graduated from Cornell University in 1921, worked in New York for a year, and then traveled around. After five or six years of trying many kinds of jobs, he joined the staff of The New Yorker magazine, which was then in its infancy. The experience proved a happy one and resulted in a steady output of poems, essays, and novels.In 1938 Mr.White moved to the country. On his farm in Maine he kept animals, and some of these creatures got into his stories and books. Mr. White said he found writing difficult and bad for one，s disposition, but he kept at it. He began Stuart Little in the hope of amusing a six-year-old niece of his. But before he finished it, she had grown up.For his total contribution to American letters, Mr. White was awarded the 1971 National Medal for Literature. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy named Mr.White as one of thirty-one Americans to receive the Presidential Medal for Freedom.Mr.White also received the National Institute of Arts and Letters' Gold Medal for Essays and Criticism. He also received honorary degrees from seven colleges and universities. Mr. White died on October 1, 1985.10.In his lifetime, all the awards he won are related to literature.

Fight against Over-packagingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important, of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that 【over-consumption】 in the greenest way possible, but it would he far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household ' s waste in the UK. In many supennarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The IK, for example, is running out of it for carry ing this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.1.What does the underlined phrase over-consumptionn refer to?

Fight against Over-packagingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important, of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that 【over-consumption】 in the greenest way possible, but it would he far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household ' s waste in the UK. In many supennarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The IK, for example, is running out of it for carry ing this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.2.The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ______.

Fight against Over-packagingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important, of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that 【over-consumption】 in the greenest way possible, but it would he far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household ' s waste in the UK. In many supennarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The IK, for example, is running out of it for carry ing this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.3.According to the text, recycling ______.

Fight against Over-packagingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important, of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that 【over-consumption】 in the greenest way possible, but it would he far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household ' s waste in the UK. In many supennarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The IK, for example, is running out of it for carry ing this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

Fight against Over-packagingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important, of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that 【over-consumption】 in the greenest way possible, but it would he far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household ' s waste in the UK. In many supennarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The IK, for example, is running out of it for carry ing this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把按能力分班）pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ； this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ； sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ； it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.1.Paragraph ①:

Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把按能力分班）pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ； this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ； sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ； it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.2.Paragraph ②:

Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把按能力分班）pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ； this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ； sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ； it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.3.Paragraph ③:

Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把按能力分班）pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ； this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ； sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ； it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.4.Paragraph ④: