Passage OneResidents of a small Welsh-speaking community have clubbed together to buy the post office and shop, ten years after buying the pub.The people of Llithfaen, Caermarfonshire were determined to prevent their village from losing its focal point. Ten years ago they paid £40,000 for the pub, called the Victoria, and now they have helped to keep the shop open. Most of the cost, £19,500, was met by the local council and a European Union grant, but the villagers needed to raise a further £6,000 to buy the shop from the owner who is retiring.John Jones, chairman of the community committee, said, "We went around every house and came back with £500 more than we needed. The post office and the pub are essential to the life of the village. There are no other amenities."We were not prepared to stand by and let the heart and soul be destroyed in our community. No one else was going to help us so we decided to buy them ourselves." Llithfaen had a population of 600 but that halved when nearby granite quarries(采石场) were closed. The primary school was shut because of the population decline but the locals turned it into a leisure center and youth club.The shop has now been leased(出租)to Llywelyn,24,who lives in the village with her husband,Dillon. She said, "There is a wonderful community spirit here."【问题】What did the community turn the primary school into after it was shut down?

Passage OneResidents of a small Welsh-speaking community have clubbed together to buy the post office and shop, ten years after buying the pub.The people of Llithfaen, Caermarfonshire were determined to prevent their village from losing its focal point. Ten years ago they paid £40,000 for the pub, called the Victoria, and now they have helped to keep the shop open. Most of the cost, £19,500, was met by the local council and a European Union grant, but the villagers needed to raise a further £6,000 to buy the shop from the owner who is retiring.John Jones, chairman of the community committee, said, "We went around every house and came back with £500 more than we needed. The post office and the pub are essential to the life of the village. There are no other amenities."We were not prepared to stand by and let the heart and soul be destroyed in our community. No one else was going to help us so we decided to buy them ourselves." Llithfaen had a population of 600 but that halved when nearby granite quarries(采石场) were closed. The primary school was shut because of the population decline but the locals turned it into a leisure center and youth club.The shop has now been leased(出租)to Llywelyn,24,who lives in the village with her husband,Dillon. She said, "There is a wonderful community spirit here."【问题】From the ending remark by Llywelyn, we know that she .

Passage TwoAccording to a study by Clinic Compare, the unhealthiest country in the world is the Czech Republic(捷克共和国).This study, which analyzed alcohol, tobacco consumption, and obesity in 179 countries, found that residents of the Czech Republic are among the heaviest drinkers globally. Notably, nine of the ten unhealthiest countries are in Eastern Europe, where smoking rates are high, especially among teenagers. The only exception is the USA, where 36% of the population is obese.However, the study should be viewed critically.It ranks Afghanistan (阿富汗) as the healthiest country due to low obesity and alcohol consumption, followed by Guinea (几内亚) and Niger(尼日尔).Yet,these countries are not necessarily healthy places to live in.For instance, Guinea,DR Congo(刚果民主共和国),Malawi(马拉维),and Mozambique(莫桑比克), which are among the healthiest in this study were among the least healthy nations in another study, the Global Competitiveness Index that takes some other critical factors into consideration.High consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food are diseases of affluence, while many countries, especially in Africa, are still struggling with diseases of poverty. For example, the average life expectancy in DR Congo is only 53 years. In Malawi, tuberculosis (肺病) and HIV are common. These countries lack basic medical facilities and trained doctors. In Mozambique, where 30% of people cannot access health services, lack of nutrients(营养物) in the diet is a far more common medical problem than being overweight.Moreover, Nepal (尼泊尔),listed by Clinic Compare as the fourth healthiest country,is the tenth most polluted country and Afghanistan was rated the fourteenth in terms of air pollution. Air pollution is a killer, with 7 million people dying worldwide each year from diseases associated with it. It is not just vehicle fumes and industries which are the problem. Around 2.4 billion people worldwide are exposed to dangerous levels of household air pollution while cooking on fires or stoves fueled by kerosene(煤油), wood, dung(粪) and coal.【问题】Residents of the Czech Republic .

Passage TwoAccording to a study by Clinic Compare, the unhealthiest country in the world is the Czech Republic(捷克共和国).This study, which analyzed alcohol, tobacco consumption, and obesity in 179 countries, found that residents of the Czech Republic are among the heaviest drinkers globally. Notably, nine of the ten unhealthiest countries are in Eastern Europe, where smoking rates are high, especially among teenagers. The only exception is the USA, where 36% of the population is obese.However, the study should be viewed critically.It ranks Afghanistan (阿富汗) as the healthiest country due to low obesity and alcohol consumption, followed by Guinea (几内亚) and Niger(尼日尔).Yet,these countries are not necessarily healthy places to live in.For instance, Guinea,DR Congo(刚果民主共和国),Malawi(马拉维),and Mozambique(莫桑比克), which are among the healthiest in this study were among the least healthy nations in another study, the Global Competitiveness Index that takes some other critical factors into consideration.High consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food are diseases of affluence, while many countries, especially in Africa, are still struggling with diseases of poverty. For example, the average life expectancy in DR Congo is only 53 years. In Malawi, tuberculosis (肺病) and HIV are common. These countries lack basic medical facilities and trained doctors. In Mozambique, where 30% of people cannot access health services, lack of nutrients(营养物) in the diet is a far more common medical problem than being overweight.Moreover, Nepal (尼泊尔),listed by Clinic Compare as the fourth healthiest country,is the tenth most polluted country and Afghanistan was rated the fourteenth in terms of air pollution. Air pollution is a killer, with 7 million people dying worldwide each year from diseases associated with it. It is not just vehicle fumes and industries which are the problem. Around 2.4 billion people worldwide are exposed to dangerous levels of household air pollution while cooking on fires or stoves fueled by kerosene(煤油), wood, dung(粪) and coal.【问题】The writer of this article thinks that the Clinic Compare study .

Passage TwoAccording to a study by Clinic Compare, the unhealthiest country in the world is the Czech Republic(捷克共和国).This study, which analyzed alcohol, tobacco consumption, and obesity in 179 countries, found that residents of the Czech Republic are among the heaviest drinkers globally. Notably, nine of the ten unhealthiest countries are in Eastern Europe, where smoking rates are high, especially among teenagers. The only exception is the USA, where 36% of the population is obese.However, the study should be viewed critically.It ranks Afghanistan (阿富汗) as the healthiest country due to low obesity and alcohol consumption, followed by Guinea (几内亚) and Niger(尼日尔).Yet,these countries are not necessarily healthy places to live in.For instance, Guinea,DR Congo(刚果民主共和国),Malawi(马拉维),and Mozambique(莫桑比克), which are among the healthiest in this study were among the least healthy nations in another study, the Global Competitiveness Index that takes some other critical factors into consideration.High consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food are diseases of affluence, while many countries, especially in Africa, are still struggling with diseases of poverty. For example, the average life expectancy in DR Congo is only 53 years. In Malawi, tuberculosis (肺病) and HIV are common. These countries lack basic medical facilities and trained doctors. In Mozambique, where 30% of people cannot access health services, lack of nutrients(营养物) in the diet is a far more common medical problem than being overweight.Moreover, Nepal (尼泊尔),listed by Clinic Compare as the fourth healthiest country,is the tenth most polluted country and Afghanistan was rated the fourteenth in terms of air pollution. Air pollution is a killer, with 7 million people dying worldwide each year from diseases associated with it. It is not just vehicle fumes and industries which are the problem. Around 2.4 billion people worldwide are exposed to dangerous levels of household air pollution while cooking on fires or stoves fueled by kerosene(煤油), wood, dung(粪) and coal.【问题】The term"diseases of affluence" (para.3) refers to health issues that are .

Passage TwoAccording to a study by Clinic Compare, the unhealthiest country in the world is the Czech Republic(捷克共和国).This study, which analyzed alcohol, tobacco consumption, and obesity in 179 countries, found that residents of the Czech Republic are among the heaviest drinkers globally. Notably, nine of the ten unhealthiest countries are in Eastern Europe, where smoking rates are high, especially among teenagers. The only exception is the USA, where 36% of the population is obese.However, the study should be viewed critically.It ranks Afghanistan (阿富汗) as the healthiest country due to low obesity and alcohol consumption, followed by Guinea (几内亚) and Niger(尼日尔).Yet,these countries are not necessarily healthy places to live in.For instance, Guinea,DR Congo(刚果民主共和国),Malawi(马拉维),and Mozambique(莫桑比克), which are among the healthiest in this study were among the least healthy nations in another study, the Global Competitiveness Index that takes some other critical factors into consideration.High consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food are diseases of affluence, while many countries, especially in Africa, are still struggling with diseases of poverty. For example, the average life expectancy in DR Congo is only 53 years. In Malawi, tuberculosis (肺病) and HIV are common. These countries lack basic medical facilities and trained doctors. In Mozambique, where 30% of people cannot access health services, lack of nutrients(营养物) in the diet is a far more common medical problem than being overweight.Moreover, Nepal (尼泊尔),listed by Clinic Compare as the fourth healthiest country,is the tenth most polluted country and Afghanistan was rated the fourteenth in terms of air pollution. Air pollution is a killer, with 7 million people dying worldwide each year from diseases associated with it. It is not just vehicle fumes and industries which are the problem. Around 2.4 billion people worldwide are exposed to dangerous levels of household air pollution while cooking on fires or stoves fueled by kerosene(煤油), wood, dung(粪) and coal.【问题】According to the article, .

Passage TwoAccording to a study by Clinic Compare, the unhealthiest country in the world is the Czech Republic(捷克共和国).This study, which analyzed alcohol, tobacco consumption, and obesity in 179 countries, found that residents of the Czech Republic are among the heaviest drinkers globally. Notably, nine of the ten unhealthiest countries are in Eastern Europe, where smoking rates are high, especially among teenagers. The only exception is the USA, where 36% of the population is obese.However, the study should be viewed critically.It ranks Afghanistan (阿富汗) as the healthiest country due to low obesity and alcohol consumption, followed by Guinea (几内亚) and Niger(尼日尔).Yet,these countries are not necessarily healthy places to live in.For instance, Guinea,DR Congo(刚果民主共和国),Malawi(马拉维),and Mozambique(莫桑比克), which are among the healthiest in this study were among the least healthy nations in another study, the Global Competitiveness Index that takes some other critical factors into consideration.High consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food are diseases of affluence, while many countries, especially in Africa, are still struggling with diseases of poverty. For example, the average life expectancy in DR Congo is only 53 years. In Malawi, tuberculosis (肺病) and HIV are common. These countries lack basic medical facilities and trained doctors. In Mozambique, where 30% of people cannot access health services, lack of nutrients(营养物) in the diet is a far more common medical problem than being overweight.Moreover, Nepal (尼泊尔),listed by Clinic Compare as the fourth healthiest country,is the tenth most polluted country and Afghanistan was rated the fourteenth in terms of air pollution. Air pollution is a killer, with 7 million people dying worldwide each year from diseases associated with it. It is not just vehicle fumes and industries which are the problem. Around 2.4 billion people worldwide are exposed to dangerous levels of household air pollution while cooking on fires or stoves fueled by kerosene(煤油), wood, dung(粪) and coal.【问题】The text indicates that .

Passage ThreeAs the climate crisis gets worse, milions of people are being displaced - forced to leave their homes - due to environmental problems. These people, often called climate migrants or climate refugees(气候难民),face serious challenges. Some people abandon their homes because of sudden disasters like floods, hurricanes, or wildfires. Others must move because of slower changes like rising sea levels, which threaten the entire islands and coastal cities, or because droughts make it hard to grow food.One of the biggest problems for climate migrants is that they do not have legal status under international law. Current laws protect people who are fleeing their countries due to war, persecution(迫害),or violence.However,these laws do not include climate change as a reason for seeking refuge; therefore, climate migrants do not receive the same protections or access to help as refugees. Climate immigration on such a scale is quite a recent phenomenon. For this reason, many countries lack clear policies for helping people displaced by natural disasters.In response to this growing crisis, governments and organizations are working to provide aid and support to climate migrants. Humanitarian groups like the Red Cross and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) are providing food, shelter, and medical care to people displaced by extreme weather events.These organizations play a key role in helping people recover after disasters, but long-lasting solutions are needed as well.Some efforts focus on adaptation, which means helping communities prepare for the effects of climate change. For example,in areas where floods are likely to happen, building better flood defenses like strategic dams and stronger river banks, can allow people to stay in their homes. In drought-affected regions,introducing new types of crops that can survive with less water may help farmers continue to grow food. However, many communities lack the resources to implement these solutions on a large scale, so international support is needed. Another form of aid is resettlement programs, which allow climate migrants to move to other countries. However, these programs are often small and do not help enough people.【问题】The writer describes "climate migrants" as people who .

Passage ThreeAs the climate crisis gets worse, milions of people are being displaced - forced to leave their homes - due to environmental problems. These people, often called climate migrants or climate refugees(气候难民),face serious challenges. Some people abandon their homes because of sudden disasters like floods, hurricanes, or wildfires. Others must move because of slower changes like rising sea levels, which threaten the entire islands and coastal cities, or because droughts make it hard to grow food.One of the biggest problems for climate migrants is that they do not have legal status under international law. Current laws protect people who are fleeing their countries due to war, persecution(迫害),or violence.However,these laws do not include climate change as a reason for seeking refuge; therefore, climate migrants do not receive the same protections or access to help as refugees. Climate immigration on such a scale is quite a recent phenomenon. For this reason, many countries lack clear policies for helping people displaced by natural disasters.In response to this growing crisis, governments and organizations are working to provide aid and support to climate migrants. Humanitarian groups like the Red Cross and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) are providing food, shelter, and medical care to people displaced by extreme weather events.These organizations play a key role in helping people recover after disasters, but long-lasting solutions are needed as well.Some efforts focus on adaptation, which means helping communities prepare for the effects of climate change. For example,in areas where floods are likely to happen, building better flood defenses like strategic dams and stronger river banks, can allow people to stay in their homes. In drought-affected regions,introducing new types of crops that can survive with less water may help farmers continue to grow food. However, many communities lack the resources to implement these solutions on a large scale, so international support is needed. Another form of aid is resettlement programs, which allow climate migrants to move to other countries. However, these programs are often small and do not help enough people.【问题】The writer suggests that the main challenge for climate migrants is that .

Passage ThreeAs the climate crisis gets worse, milions of people are being displaced - forced to leave their homes - due to environmental problems. These people, often called climate migrants or climate refugees(气候难民),face serious challenges. Some people abandon their homes because of sudden disasters like floods, hurricanes, or wildfires. Others must move because of slower changes like rising sea levels, which threaten the entire islands and coastal cities, or because droughts make it hard to grow food.One of the biggest problems for climate migrants is that they do not have legal status under international law. Current laws protect people who are fleeing their countries due to war, persecution(迫害),or violence.However,these laws do not include climate change as a reason for seeking refuge; therefore, climate migrants do not receive the same protections or access to help as refugees. Climate immigration on such a scale is quite a recent phenomenon. For this reason, many countries lack clear policies for helping people displaced by natural disasters.In response to this growing crisis, governments and organizations are working to provide aid and support to climate migrants. Humanitarian groups like the Red Cross and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) are providing food, shelter, and medical care to people displaced by extreme weather events.These organizations play a key role in helping people recover after disasters, but long-lasting solutions are needed as well.Some efforts focus on adaptation, which means helping communities prepare for the effects of climate change. For example,in areas where floods are likely to happen, building better flood defenses like strategic dams and stronger river banks, can allow people to stay in their homes. In drought-affected regions,introducing new types of crops that can survive with less water may help farmers continue to grow food. However, many communities lack the resources to implement these solutions on a large scale, so international support is needed. Another form of aid is resettlement programs, which allow climate migrants to move to other countries. However, these programs are often small and do not help enough people.【问题】The phrase "on such a scale" (para.2) implies that the event or situation being discussed is .