Do you ever feel like there just isn't enough time in the day? Do you spend your days in lots of activities, only to find you've not done as much as you thought you would? And how come some people just seem to get so much done in the same period of time? In every aspect of life,we find that the highest achicvers manage their time particularly well.And while it may seem like we are all working,there's a difference between being busy and being effective, and good time management is what makes that difference.But how did the concept of time management evolve,and what are the broad principles by which we try to define it?The 19th century saw the rise of the industrial revolution and the development of moder technologics like the telegraph,railroad,and postal service.These new developments depended on precision clocks and standardized work hours.If time management had always been needed,now it was official.So there was now a dependency on precision，with time being an allocation（分配）of alarms, time cards, schedules and standardized rates.As factories grew and productivity became a universal target,time management gave rise to the need for quotas.It often determined the weekly salary, and could even standardize the methods of production.The principles of business profit and loss now involved the management of time.Throughout history,different individuals have been recognized for their contributions towards today's concept of time management. Catharine Beecher, in her 1847 book A Treatise on Domestic Economy,dealt with creating a more efficient household management by using time more productively.Frederick Winslow Taylor proposed in his 1909 paper The Principles of Scientific Management that it was more efficient tooptimize how work was performed than to force employees to work as hard as they could-an early case of the "work smart" philosophy.Stephen R.Covey focused on doing what's most important rather than allowing yourself to get buried in smaller tasks.Today you'll find hundreds of strategies,electronic and paper tools,and theories about how to better multi-task to fit all you want to accomplish into your day. In the past few decades,the main approach of time management has been on preparing schedules and setting goals based on a defined time frame. The modern approach still usesthese techniques,but now the focus can often be more on prioritizing tasks based on their importance and on controlling inputs and distractions to stay on track.What does“I”' in Paragraph 3 refer to?

Do you ever feel like there just isn't enough time in the day? Do you spend your days in lots of activities, only to find you've not done as much as you thought you would? And how come some people just seem to get so much done in the same period of time? In every aspect of life,we find that the highest achicvers manage their time particularly well.And while it may seem like we are all working,there's a difference between being busy and being effective, and good time management is what makes that difference.But how did the concept of time management evolve,and what are the broad principles by which we try to define it?The 19th century saw the rise of the industrial revolution and the development of moder technologics like the telegraph,railroad,and postal service.These new developments depended on precision clocks and standardized work hours.If time management had always been needed,now it was official.So there was now a dependency on precision，with time being an allocation（分配）of alarms, time cards, schedules and standardized rates.As factories grew and productivity became a universal target,time management gave rise to the need for quotas.It often determined the weekly salary, and could even standardize the methods of production.The principles of business profit and loss now involved the management of time.Throughout history,different individuals have been recognized for their contributions towards today's concept of time management. Catharine Beecher, in her 1847 book A Treatise on Domestic Economy,dealt with creating a more efficient household management by using time more productively.Frederick Winslow Taylor proposed in his 1909 paper The Principles of Scientific Management that it was more efficient tooptimize how work was performed than to force employees to work as hard as they could-an early case of the "work smart" philosophy.Stephen R.Covey focused on doing what's most important rather than allowing yourself to get buried in smaller tasks.Today you'll find hundreds of strategies,electronic and paper tools,and theories about how to better multi-task to fit all you want to accomplish into your day. In the past few decades,the main approach of time management has been on preparing schedules and setting goals based on a defined time frame. The modern approach still usesthese techniques,but now the focus can often be more on prioritizing tasks based on their importance and on controlling inputs and distractions to stay on track.Which of the following was produced by Catharine Beecher?

Do you ever feel like there just isn't enough time in the day? Do you spend your days in lots of activities, only to find you've not done as much as you thought you would? And how come some people just seem to get so much done in the same period of time? In every aspect of life,we find that the highest achicvers manage their time particularly well.And while it may seem like we are all working,there's a difference between being busy and being effective, and good time management is what makes that difference.But how did the concept of time management evolve,and what are the broad principles by which we try to define it?The 19th century saw the rise of the industrial revolution and the development of moder technologics like the telegraph,railroad,and postal service.These new developments depended on precision clocks and standardized work hours.If time management had always been needed,now it was official.So there was now a dependency on precision，with time being an allocation（分配）of alarms, time cards, schedules and standardized rates.As factories grew and productivity became a universal target,time management gave rise to the need for quotas.It often determined the weekly salary, and could even standardize the methods of production.The principles of business profit and loss now involved the management of time.Throughout history,different individuals have been recognized for their contributions towards today's concept of time management. Catharine Beecher, in her 1847 book A Treatise on Domestic Economy,dealt with creating a more efficient household management by using time more productively.Frederick Winslow Taylor proposed in his 1909 paper The Principles of Scientific Management that it was more efficient tooptimize how work was performed than to force employees to work as hard as they could-an early case of the "work smart" philosophy.Stephen R.Covey focused on doing what's most important rather than allowing yourself to get buried in smaller tasks.Today you'll find hundreds of strategies,electronic and paper tools,and theories about how to better multi-task to fit all you want to accomplish into your day. In the past few decades,the main approach of time management has been on preparing schedules and setting goals based on a defined time frame. The modern approach still usesthese techniques,but now the focus can often be more on prioritizing tasks based on their importance and on controlling inputs and distractions to stay on track.Which of the following is more emphasized in the modem approach of time management?

Intensive study of reading texts can be a means of increasing leamers' knowledge of language features and their control of reading strategies. It can also improve their comprehension（理解）skill.It fits into the language-focused learning strand of a course.The classic procedure for intensive reading is the grammar-translation approach where the teacher uses the first language to evplain the meaning of a text centence by sentence This ran he a very useful procedure as long as it is only a part of the reading programme and is complemented by other language-focused learning and by extensive reading for language development and fluency development.At its worst,intensive reading focuses on comprehension of a particular text with no thought being given to whether the features studied in this text will be useful when reading other texts.Such intensive reading usually involves translation and thus comprehension of the text.So,one goal of intensive reading may be comprehension of the text.The use of translation makes sure that learners understand.Intensive reading may also have another goal and that is to determine what language features will get attention in the course.That is,the language features that are focused on in each text become the language syllabus（大纲）for the course.This has several positive aspects.First,the language features are set in the communicative context of a text.The text can be used to show how the language features contribute to the communicative purpose of the text and this can be good preparation for subsequent writing activities.Second,choosing features in this way is likely to avoid the interference between vocabulary items or grammatical features that can occur when topic-centred syllabus design is used.There are also negative aspects to letting texts determine the langurage features of a course.First,the features given attention to may be an uncontrolled mixture of useful and not very useful items.That is,high frequency and low frequency vocabulary,frequent grammatical items and very infrequent or irregular grammatical items may get equal attention. Second，the topic of the text determines the salience（突出）of the items and the teaching gets directed towards this text rather than what will be useful in a range of texts.If intensive reading is to be done well,the major principle determining the focus of the teaching should be that the focus is on items that will occur in a wide range of texts.The teacher should ask “How does today's teaching make tomorrow's text easier?"What is the function of intensive reading in language learning?

Intensive study of reading texts can be a means of increasing leamers' knowledge of language features and their control of reading strategies. It can also improve their comprehension（理解）skill.It fits into the language-focused learning strand of a course.The classic procedure for intensive reading is the grammar-translation approach where the teacher uses the first language to evplain the meaning of a text centence by sentence This ran he a very useful procedure as long as it is only a part of the reading programme and is complemented by other language-focused learning and by extensive reading for language development and fluency development.At its worst,intensive reading focuses on comprehension of a particular text with no thought being given to whether the features studied in this text will be useful when reading other texts.Such intensive reading usually involves translation and thus comprehension of the text.So,one goal of intensive reading may be comprehension of the text.The use of translation makes sure that learners understand.Intensive reading may also have another goal and that is to determine what language features will get attention in the course.That is,the language features that are focused on in each text become the language syllabus（大纲）for the course.This has several positive aspects.First,the language features are set in the communicative context of a text.The text can be used to show how the language features contribute to the communicative purpose of the text and this can be good preparation for subsequent writing activities.Second,choosing features in this way is likely to avoid the interference between vocabulary items or grammatical features that can occur when topic-centred syllabus design is used.There are also negative aspects to letting texts determine the langurage features of a course.First,the features given attention to may be an uncontrolled mixture of useful and not very useful items.That is,high frequency and low frequency vocabulary,frequent grammatical items and very infrequent or irregular grammatical items may get equal attention. Second，the topic of the text determines the salience（突出）of the items and the teaching gets directed towards this text rather than what will be useful in a range of texts.If intensive reading is to be done well,the major principle determining the focus of the teaching should be that the focus is on items that will occur in a wide range of texts.The teacher should ask “How does today's teaching make tomorrow's text easier?"What is a potential problem with intensive reading?

Intensive study of reading texts can be a means of increasing leamers' knowledge of language features and their control of reading strategies. It can also improve their comprehension（理解）skill.It fits into the language-focused learning strand of a course.The classic procedure for intensive reading is the grammar-translation approach where the teacher uses the first language to evplain the meaning of a text centence by sentence This ran he a very useful procedure as long as it is only a part of the reading programme and is complemented by other language-focused learning and by extensive reading for language development and fluency development.At its worst,intensive reading focuses on comprehension of a particular text with no thought being given to whether the features studied in this text will be useful when reading other texts.Such intensive reading usually involves translation and thus comprehension of the text.So,one goal of intensive reading may be comprehension of the text.The use of translation makes sure that learners understand.Intensive reading may also have another goal and that is to determine what language features will get attention in the course.That is,the language features that are focused on in each text become the language syllabus（大纲）for the course.This has several positive aspects.First,the language features are set in the communicative context of a text.The text can be used to show how the language features contribute to the communicative purpose of the text and this can be good preparation for subsequent writing activities.Second,choosing features in this way is likely to avoid the interference between vocabulary items or grammatical features that can occur when topic-centred syllabus design is used.There are also negative aspects to letting texts determine the langurage features of a course.First,the features given attention to may be an uncontrolled mixture of useful and not very useful items.That is,high frequency and low frequency vocabulary,frequent grammatical items and very infrequent or irregular grammatical items may get equal attention. Second，the topic of the text determines the salience（突出）of the items and the teaching gets directed towards this text rather than what will be useful in a range of texts.If intensive reading is to be done well,the major principle determining the focus of the teaching should be that the focus is on items that will occur in a wide range of texts.The teacher should ask “How does today's teaching make tomorrow's text easier?"What is one positive aspect of a course focusing on language features?

Intensive study of reading texts can be a means of increasing leamers' knowledge of language features and their control of reading strategies. It can also improve their comprehension（理解）skill.It fits into the language-focused learning strand of a course.The classic procedure for intensive reading is the grammar-translation approach where the teacher uses the first language to evplain the meaning of a text centence by sentence This ran he a very useful procedure as long as it is only a part of the reading programme and is complemented by other language-focused learning and by extensive reading for language development and fluency development.At its worst,intensive reading focuses on comprehension of a particular text with no thought being given to whether the features studied in this text will be useful when reading other texts.Such intensive reading usually involves translation and thus comprehension of the text.So,one goal of intensive reading may be comprehension of the text.The use of translation makes sure that learners understand.Intensive reading may also have another goal and that is to determine what language features will get attention in the course.That is,the language features that are focused on in each text become the language syllabus（大纲）for the course.This has several positive aspects.First,the language features are set in the communicative context of a text.The text can be used to show how the language features contribute to the communicative purpose of the text and this can be good preparation for subsequent writing activities.Second,choosing features in this way is likely to avoid the interference between vocabulary items or grammatical features that can occur when topic-centred syllabus design is used.There are also negative aspects to letting texts determine the langurage features of a course.First,the features given attention to may be an uncontrolled mixture of useful and not very useful items.That is,high frequency and low frequency vocabulary,frequent grammatical items and very infrequent or irregular grammatical items may get equal attention. Second，the topic of the text determines the salience（突出）of the items and the teaching gets directed towards this text rather than what will be useful in a range of texts.If intensive reading is to be done well,the major principle determining the focus of the teaching should be that the focus is on items that will occur in a wide range of texts.The teacher should ask “How does today's teaching make tomorrow's text easier?" What is a drawback of a course in which texts determine language features?

Intensive study of reading texts can be a means of increasing leamers' knowledge of language features and their control of reading strategies. It can also improve their comprehension（理解）skill.It fits into the language-focused learning strand of a course.The classic procedure for intensive reading is the grammar-translation approach where the teacher uses the first language to evplain the meaning of a text centence by sentence This ran he a very useful procedure as long as it is only a part of the reading programme and is complemented by other language-focused learning and by extensive reading for language development and fluency development.At its worst,intensive reading focuses on comprehension of a particular text with no thought being given to whether the features studied in this text will be useful when reading other texts.Such intensive reading usually involves translation and thus comprehension of the text.So,one goal of intensive reading may be comprehension of the text.The use of translation makes sure that learners understand.Intensive reading may also have another goal and that is to determine what language features will get attention in the course.That is,the language features that are focused on in each text become the language syllabus（大纲）for the course.This has several positive aspects.First,the language features are set in the communicative context of a text.The text can be used to show how the language features contribute to the communicative purpose of the text and this can be good preparation for subsequent writing activities.Second,choosing features in this way is likely to avoid the interference between vocabulary items or grammatical features that can occur when topic-centred syllabus design is used.There are also negative aspects to letting texts determine the langurage features of a course.First,the features given attention to may be an uncontrolled mixture of useful and not very useful items.That is,high frequency and low frequency vocabulary,frequent grammatical items and very infrequent or irregular grammatical items may get equal attention. Second，the topic of the text determines the salience（突出）of the items and the teaching gets directed towards this text rather than what will be useful in a range of texts.If intensive reading is to be done well,the major principle determining the focus of the teaching should be that the focus is on items that will occur in a wide range of texts.The teacher should ask “How does today's teaching make tomorrow's text easier?"What does the author think should be focused on in teaching intensive reading?

Every time you leave a comment about yourself on a public social website,you're unknowingly giving ammunition to data harvesters and hackers（黑客）looking to gain a backdoor into your online accounts.The social network is absolutely littered with seemingly harmless posts asking users to comment and share-what was the name of your first pet? what was the name of the street you grew up on?-and it's not uncommon to see that thousands of people have obliged.But a lot of these personal details are the same as those used by sites when you need to reset your password or prove your identity.Since there are so many pages online that do nothing but pose these sorts of questions and spread the posts as wide as possible, would-be attackers just need to follow along and harvest the data.Even worse,by commenting on such a post you're flagging that you're not opposed to giving this kind of historical information away，and an attacker could click（点击） through to your public profile and collect an entire store of security question answers,along with potentially your full name,date of birth and email address."It seems pretty clear that criminals are indeedI harvesting such information from social website,"said security researcher Brian Krebs.“Why wouldn't they? It's free, and people self-select for targeting.”Mr.Krebs said it's not necessarily true that the pages themselves are run by people who want to use your data for their own purposes. It just so happens that asking people to express something about themselves is one of the best ways to collect big numbers of comments. “Probably most of these are started by well-meaning companies and individuals," he said. “Unfortunately,when people respond truthfully it opens them to fraud because their responses remain tied to their own profiles."At a time when passwords are broken by algorithms（计算程序）and users are encouraged to use password managers to create complex and unique passwords for each account,security questions are a weak link.By giving data away on the public internet you're only making the hacker's job easier. Mr.Krebs said social websites aren't necessarily doing anything wrong by allowing posts that ask for personal information,and he doesn't expect the social network to do anything about them.“A better response is for these posts to be flooded with comments from people stating how bad an idea it is to respond truthfully," he said.The word "ammunition” in Paragraph I means something that

Every time you leave a comment about yourself on a public social website,you're unknowingly giving ammunition to data harvesters and hackers（黑客）looking to gain a backdoor into your online accounts.The social network is absolutely littered with seemingly harmless posts asking users to comment and share-what was the name of your first pet? what was the name of the street you grew up on?-and it's not uncommon to see that thousands of people have obliged.But a lot of these personal details are the same as those used by sites when you need to reset your password or prove your identity.Since there are so many pages online that do nothing but pose these sorts of questions and spread the posts as wide as possible, would-be attackers just need to follow along and harvest the data.Even worse,by commenting on such a post you're flagging that you're not opposed to giving this kind of historical information away，and an attacker could click（点击） through to your public profile and collect an entire store of security question answers,along with potentially your full name,date of birth and email address."It seems pretty clear that criminals are indeedI harvesting such information from social website,"said security researcher Brian Krebs.“Why wouldn't they? It's free, and people self-select for targeting.”Mr.Krebs said it's not necessarily true that the pages themselves are run by people who want to use your data for their own purposes. It just so happens that asking people to express something about themselves is one of the best ways to collect big numbers of comments. “Probably most of these are started by well-meaning companies and individuals," he said. “Unfortunately,when people respond truthfully it opens them to fraud because their responses remain tied to their own profiles."At a time when passwords are broken by algorithms（计算程序）and users are encouraged to use password managers to create complex and unique passwords for each account,security questions are a weak link.By giving data away on the public internet you're only making the hacker's job easier. Mr.Krebs said social websites aren't necessarily doing anything wrong by allowing posts that ask for personal information,and he doesn't expect the social network to do anything about them.“A better response is for these posts to be flooded with comments from people stating how bad an idea it is to respond truthfully," he said.What does the author imply about the people willing to answer personal questions online?