Unlike most of the other non-foolish holidays, the history of April Fool's Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is not totally clear. There really wasn't a "First Apil Fool's Day" (31). Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring.The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. Prior to that year, (32), beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, (33).However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, (34). Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the new year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as "fools" by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, (35).This harassment evolved, over time, (36). The tradition eventually spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century. It was later introduced to the American colonies of both the English and French. (37), so to speak, with different nationalities specializing in their own brand of humor at the expense of their friends and families.In Scotland, for example, (38). The second day is devoted to pranks involving the posterior region of the body. It is called Taily Day. The origin of the “kick me” sign can be traced to this observance.Mexico's counterpart of April Fool's day (39). Originally, the day was a sad remembrance of the slaughter of the innocent children by King Herod. It eventually evolved into a lighter commemoration involving pranks and trickery.Pranks performed on April Fool's Day range from the simple, (such as saying, “Your shoe's untied!"), to the elaborate. Setting a roommate's alarm clock back an hour is a common gag. Whatever the prank, the trickster usually ends it (40). (From April Fool's Day)A. and New Year's Day was moved to January 1B. The news media even gets involvedC. into a tradition of prank-playing on the first day of AprilD. and were often sent on "fools errands" or were made the butt of other practical jokesE. by yelling to his victim,"April Fool!"F. many people did not receive the news for several yearsG. that can be pinpointed on the calendarH. April Fool's Day is actually celebrated for two daysI. was a fairly detailed documentaryJ. the new year was celebrated for eight daysK. is actually observed on December 28L. April Fool's Day thus developed into an international fun fest

The following questions are based on Passage 4 in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage 4. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 4At the age of 97, John Goodenough became the oldest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. The chemistry professor thereby settled an old score: 33 years before he won the award his employer, the University of Oxford, tried to make him retire before he wanted to. He “fled", in his words, to Texas where he has spent the entire intervening period happily working.Professor Goodenough's work ethic demonstrates what is wrong with the often told story in rich countries about the young shouldering an ever greater burden as they support an ageing population. Those like the professor who might once have been pensioned off by their mid-sixties are now working longer. The young, meanwhile, do not go off to earn as early as they once did, and spend far longer studying.Social scientists have traditionally used a “dependency ratio” comparing the number of those between the ages of 15 and 64 to everyone else in order to assess the sustainability of welfare states. Those of “working age" must support those who cannot work. A high dependency ratio means fewer people are funding health care, education and social security programmes.This vision of the workforce is out of date. Advances in medicine mean many people can, and choose to, work far longer than the age of 65. Others, especially the low paid, who have not accumulated private pension rights, have been forced to continue working as state pension ages have increased.As globalisation and automation have reduced the number of manufacturing jobs in rich countries, workers in the west have been able to keep going for longer. Physical labour wore out the bodies of factory workers and miners, but accountants and call centre operators face different kinds of stress.In the US, where overall participation in the labour force has been declining since the financial crisis, those above the age of 65 are more likely to be in work now than before 2008. This pattern is the same across rich countries.The traditional definition of“working age" is redundant. The 15-64 age band should be put out to grass. Instead, experts should use a version that reflects the new milestones in the developed world.The University of Oxford still has a retirement age of 67, arguing that it needs to “refresh" the ranks of senior academics. Professor Goodenough is a reminder that allowing them to recharge might be more appropriate.What changes have taken place in the US with regard to its labour force?

The following questions are based on Passage 4 in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage 4. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 4At the age of 97, John Goodenough became the oldest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. The chemistry professor thereby settled an old score: 33 years before he won the award his employer, the University of Oxford, tried to make him retire before he wanted to. He “fled", in his words, to Texas where he has spent the entire intervening period happily working.Professor Goodenough's work ethic demonstrates what is wrong with the often told story in rich countries about the young shouldering an ever greater burden as they support an ageing population. Those like the professor who might once have been pensioned off by their mid-sixties are now working longer. The young, meanwhile, do not go off to earn as early as they once did, and spend far longer studying.Social scientists have traditionally used a “dependency ratio” comparing the number of those between the ages of 15 and 64 to everyone else in order to assess the sustainability of welfare states. Those of “working age" must support those who cannot work. A high dependency ratio means fewer people are funding health care, education and social security programmes.This vision of the workforce is out of date. Advances in medicine mean many people can, and choose to, work far longer than the age of 65. Others, especially the low paid, who have not accumulated private pension rights, have been forced to continue working as state pension ages have increased.As globalisation and automation have reduced the number of manufacturing jobs in rich countries, workers in the west have been able to keep going for longer. Physical labour wore out the bodies of factory workers and miners, but accountants and call centre operators face different kinds of stress.In the US, where overall participation in the labour force has been declining since the financial crisis, those above the age of 65 are more likely to be in work now than before 2008. This pattern is the same across rich countries.The traditional definition of“working age" is redundant. The 15-64 age band should be put out to grass. Instead, experts should use a version that reflects the new milestones in the developed world.The University of Oxford still has a retirement age of 67, arguing that it needs to “refresh" the ranks of senior academics. Professor Goodenough is a reminder that allowing them to recharge might be more appropriate.What does the author suggest doing concerning working age?

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read it carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(63) In America there are still customs by which a man may show respect for a woman. He opens the door for her and lets her precede him through it. (64) He walks on the side of the walk nearest the street. He takes her arm when crossing a street or descending a stairway. (65) A younger person also shows respect for an older one in much the same fashion, by helping the older person in things requiring physical exertion or involving possible accident.(66) American surface informality often confuses the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point at which informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class, expects students to study hard, and he grades each student's work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with respect. Although students are free to ask questions about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to contradict him. (67) Similarly. in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States. nor presume that it means more than it does.(From American Social Relations)63.

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read it carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(63) In America there are still customs by which a man may show respect for a woman. He opens the door for her and lets her precede him through it. (64) He walks on the side of the walk nearest the street. He takes her arm when crossing a street or descending a stairway. (65) A younger person also shows respect for an older one in much the same fashion, by helping the older person in things requiring physical exertion or involving possible accident.(66) American surface informality often confuses the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point at which informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class, expects students to study hard, and he grades each student's work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with respect. Although students are free to ask questions about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to contradict him. (67) Similarly. in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States. nor presume that it means more than it does.(From American Social Relations)64.

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read it carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(63) In America there are still customs by which a man may show respect for a woman. He opens the door for her and lets her precede him through it. (64) He walks on the side of the walk nearest the street. He takes her arm when crossing a street or descending a stairway. (65) A younger person also shows respect for an older one in much the same fashion, by helping the older person in things requiring physical exertion or involving possible accident.(66) American surface informality often confuses the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point at which informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class, expects students to study hard, and he grades each student's work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with respect. Although students are free to ask questions about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to contradict him. (67) Similarly. in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States. nor presume that it means more than it does.(From American Social Relations)65.

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read it carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(63) In America there are still customs by which a man may show respect for a woman. He opens the door for her and lets her precede him through it. (64) He walks on the side of the walk nearest the street. He takes her arm when crossing a street or descending a stairway. (65) A younger person also shows respect for an older one in much the same fashion, by helping the older person in things requiring physical exertion or involving possible accident.(66) American surface informality often confuses the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point at which informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class, expects students to study hard, and he grades each student's work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with respect. Although students are free to ask questions about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to contradict him. (67) Similarly. in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States. nor presume that it means more than it does.(From American Social Relations)66.

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read it carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(63) In America there are still customs by which a man may show respect for a woman. He opens the door for her and lets her precede him through it. (64) He walks on the side of the walk nearest the street. He takes her arm when crossing a street or descending a stairway. (65) A younger person also shows respect for an older one in much the same fashion, by helping the older person in things requiring physical exertion or involving possible accident.(66) American surface informality often confuses the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point at which informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class, expects students to study hard, and he grades each student's work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with respect. Although students are free to ask questions about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to contradict him. (67) Similarly. in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States. nor presume that it means more than it does.(From American Social Relations)67.

(origin) The game is thought to have () among the native peoples of Alaska.

(expend) Government () on scientific research has risen in the last few years.