From Monday to Friday, many of us have an early start and a long day. By the time we've gone to bed and managed to fall asleep, we've been woken up by the alarm to do it all again. Come the weekend, we're totally exhausted. We sleep in way past our usual wake-up time just to stay in sync （同时）enough to start again on Monday.Welcome to social jet lag. That's the term for the difference between our working-week sleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our responsibilities, and the weekend, when we can wake when we choose. And depending on what type of person you are, the difference can be significant.For night owls—those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later—there can be significant health-related issues, according to a recent study published by Taylor and Francis Group online. The study concludes the bigger the difference between working-week and weekend sleep times, the greater the health issues—including a higher risk of heart disease and other metabolic （新陈代萌寸的）problems. And because so many jobs and tasks start early, night owls are effectively forced into harmonizing with the early birds.So what can night owls do: force themselves to integrate by sacrificing their lie-in?" It's the worst thing you can do," says Professor Till Roenneberg at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. This is because people's sleep pattern is half determined by genetics. The other half is related to their age and environment. Getting less sleep is unlikely to realign （调整）your genetic tendencies.Our bodies evolved to coordinate with the rise and fall of the Sun. We should feel sleepy as the light gradually disappears. But modem life, with its artificial light and modem devices, such as computers and smartphones, means we have turned away from the normal way. Now we are exposed to more light fbr longer periods of time, keeping our bodies awake longer. For night owls, who already tend to sleep later, this delays things even further.One solution, beyond changing society's early-start tendencies, is to reorient our body clock by manipulating our exposure to light. By taking more sunlight in the morning and minimizing the amount of artificial light we are exposed to in the evening—particularly on electronic devices—we can rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier. It's far from easy, but better than losing your whole weekend to sleep.23.Which of the following plays a decisive role in people's sleep patterns?

From Monday to Friday, many of us have an early start and a long day. By the time we've gone to bed and managed to fall asleep, we've been woken up by the alarm to do it all again. Come the weekend, we're totally exhausted. We sleep in way past our usual wake-up time just to stay in sync （同时）enough to start again on Monday.Welcome to social jet lag. That's the term for the difference between our working-week sleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our responsibilities, and the weekend, when we can wake when we choose. And depending on what type of person you are, the difference can be significant.For night owls—those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later—there can be significant health-related issues, according to a recent study published by Taylor and Francis Group online. The study concludes the bigger the difference between working-week and weekend sleep times, the greater the health issues—including a higher risk of heart disease and other metabolic （新陈代谢的）problems. And because so many jobs and tasks start early, night owls are effectively forced into harmonizing with the early birds.So what can night owls do: force themselves to integrate by sacrificing their lie-in?" It's the worst thing you can do," says Professor Till Roenneberg at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. This is because people's sleep pattern is half determined by genetics. The other half is related to their age and environment. Getting less sleep is unlikely to realign （调整）your genetic tendencies.Our bodies evolved to coordinate with the rise and fall of the Sun. We should feel sleepy as the light gradually disappears. But modern life, with its artificial light and modern devices, such as computers and smartphones, means we have turned away from the normal way. Now we are exposed to more light for longer periods of time, keeping our bodies awake longer. For night owls, who already tend to sleep later, this delays things even further.One solution, beyond changing society's early-start tendencies, is to reorient our body clock by manipulating our exposure to light. By taking more sunlight in the morning and minimizing the amount of artificial light we are exposed to in the evening—particularly on electronic devices—we can rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier. It's far from easy, but better than losing your whole weekend to sleep.24.What makes night owls stay up even later in modern life?

From Monday to Friday, many of us have an early start and a long day. By the time we've gone to bed and managed to fall asleep, we've been woken up by the alarm to do it all again. Come the weekend, we're totally exhausted. We sleep in way past our usual wake-up time just to stay in sync （同时）enough to start again on Monday.Welcome to social jet lag. That's the term for the difference between our working-week sleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our responsibilities, and the weekend, when we can wake when we choose. And depending on what type of person you are, the difference can be significant.For night owls—those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later—there can be significant health-related issues, according to a recent study published by Taylor and Francis Group online. The study concludes the bigger the difference between working-week and weekend sleep times, the greater the health issues—including a higher risk of heart disease and other metabolic （新陈代谢的） with the early birds.So what can night owls do: force themselves to integrate by sacrificing their lie-in?" It's the worst thing you can do," says Professor Till Roenneberg at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. This is because people's sleep pattern is half determined by genetics. The other half is related to their age and environment. Getting less sleep is unlikely to realign （调整）your genetic tendencies.Our bodies evolved to coordinate with the rise and fall of the Sun. We should feel sleepy as the light gradually disappears. But modern life, with its artificial light and modern devices, such as computers and smartphones, means we have turned away from the normal way. Now we are exposed to more light for longer periods of time, keeping our bodies awake longer. For night owls, who already tend to sleep later, this delays things even further.One solution, beyond changing society's early-start tendencies, is to reorient our body clock by manipulating our exposure to light. By taking more sunlight in the morning and minimizing the amount of artificial light we are exposed to in the evening—particularly on electronic devices—we can rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier. It's far from easy, but better than losing your whole weekend to sleep.25.What is the best way to rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier?

Arthur Morel was growing up. He was a quick, careless, impulsive boy, a good deal like his father. He hated study, made a great moan if he had to work, and escaped as soon as possible to his sport again.In appearance he remained the flower of the family, being well made, graceful, and full of life. His dark brown hair and fresh colouring, and his exquisite dark blue eyes, together with his generous manner and fiery temper （急脾气），made him a favourite. But as he grew older his temper became uncertain. He flew into rages over nothing, seemed unbearably raw and irritable.His mother, whom he loved, wearied of him sometimes. He thought only of himself When he wanted amusement, all that stood in his way he hated, even if it were she. When he was in trouble he moaned to her ceaselessly."Goodness, boy!" she said, when he groaned about a master who, he said, hated him, "if you don't like it, alter it, and if you can't alter it, put up with it."And his father, whom he had loved and who had worshipped him, he came to detest. As he grew older, Morel fell into a slow ruin. There came over him a look of meanness and of paltriness （微不足道）.And when the mean-looking elderly man bullied or ordered the boy about, Arthur was furious. Moreover, Morel's manners got worse and worse, his habits somewhat disgusting."Dirty nuisance !" Arthur would cry, jumping up and going straight out of the house when his father disgusted him. And Morel persisted the more because his children hated it. He seemed to take a kind of satisfaction in disgusting them, and driving them nearly mad, while they were so irritably sensitive at the age of fourteen or fifteen. So that Arthur, who was growing up when his father was degenerate and elderly, hated him worst of all.Then, sometimes, the father would seem to feel the contemptuous （藐视的）hatred of his children."There's not a man tries harder for his family!" he would shout. "He does his best for them, and then gets treated like a dog. But I'm not going to stand it, I tell you!"As it was, the battle now went on nearly all between father and children, he persisting in his dirty and disgusting ways, just to assert his independence. They hated him.26.What made Arthur a favourite boy before he grew older?

Arthur Morel was growing up. He was a quick, careless, impulsive boy, a good deal like his father. He hated study, made a great moan if he had to work, and escaped as soon as possible to his sport again.In appearance he remained the flower of the family, being well made, graceful, and full of life. His dark brown hair and fresh colouring, and his exquisite dark blue eyes, together with his generous manner and fiery temper （急脾气），made him a favourite. But as he grew older his temper became uncertain. He flew into rages over nothing, seemed unbearably raw and irritable.His mother, whom he loved, wearied of him sometimes. He thought only of himself. When he wanted amusement, all that stood in his way he hated, even if it were she. When he was in trouble he moaned to her ceaselessly."Goodness, boy!" she said, when he groaned about a master who, he said, hated him, "if you don't like it, alter it, and if you can't alter it, put up with it."And his father, whom he had loved and who had worshipped him, he came to detest. As he grew older, Morel fell into a slow ruin. There came over him a look of meanness and of paltriness （微不足道）.And when the mean-looking elderly man bullied or ordered the boy about, Arthur was furious. Moreover, Morel's manners got worse and worse, his habits somewhat disgusting."Dirty nuisance !" Arthur would cry, jumping up and going straight out of the house when his father disgusted him. And Morel persisted the more because his children hated it. He seemed to take a kind of satisfaction in disgusting them, and driving them nearly mad, while they were so irritably sensitive at the age of fourteen or fifteen. So that Arthur, who was growing up when his father was degenerate and elderly, hated him worst of all.Then, sometimes, the father would seem to feel the contemptuous （藐视的）hatred of his children."There's not a man tries harder for his family!" he would shout. "He does his best for them, and then gets treated like a dog. But I'm not going to stand it, I tell you!"As it was, the battle now went on nearly all between father and children, he persisting in his dirty and disgusting ways, just to assert his independence. They hated him.27.What does "even if it were she" in paragraph 3 mean?

Arthur Morel was growing up. He was a quick, careless, impulsive boy, a good deal like his father. He hated study, made a great moan if he had to work, and escaped as soon as possible to his sport again.In appearance he remained the flower of the family, being well made, graceful, and full of life. His dark brown hair and fresh colouring, and his exquisite dark blue eyes, together with his generous manner and fiery temper （急脾气），made him a favourite. But as he grew older his temper became uncertain. He flew into rages over nothing, seemed unbearably raw and irritable.His mother, whom he loved, wearied of him sometimes. He thought only of himself When he wanted amusement, all that stood in his way he hated, even if it were she. When he was in trouble he moaned to her ceaselessly."Goodness, boy!" she said, when he groaned about a master who, he said, hated him, "if you don't like it, alter it, and if you can't alter it, put up with it."And his father, whom he had loved and who had worshipped him, he came to detest. As he grew older, Morel fell into a slow ruin. There came over him a look of meanness and of paltriness （微不足道）.And when the mean-looking elderly man bullied or ordered the boy about, Arthur was furious. Moreover, Morel's manners got worse and worse, his habits somewhat disgusting."Dirty nuisance !" Arthur would cry, jumping up and going straight out of the house when his father disgusted him. And Morel persisted the more because his children hated it. He seemed to take a kind of satisfaction in disgusting them, and driving them nearly mad, while they were so irritably sensitive at the age of fourteen or fifteen. So that Arthur, who was growing up when his father was degenerate and elderly, hated him worst of all.Then, sometimes, the father would seem to feel the contemptuous （藐视的）hatred of his children."There's not a man tries harder for his family!" he would shout. "He does his best for them, and then gets treated like a dog. But I'm not going to stand it, I tell you!"As it was, the battle now went on nearly all between father and children, he persisting in his dirty and disgusting ways, just to assert his independence. They hated him.28.How many people are mentioned in paragraph 5?

Arthur Morel was growing up. He was a quick, careless, impulsive boy, a good deal like his father. He hated study, made a great moan if he had to work, and escaped as soon as possible to his sport again.In appearance he remained the flower of the family, being well made, graceful, and full of life. His dark brown hair and fresh colouring, and his exquisite dark blue eyes, together with his generous manner and fiery temper （急脾气），made him a favourite. But as he grew older his temper became uncertain. He flew into rages over nothing, seemed unbearably raw and irritable.His mother, whom he loved, wearied of him sometimes. He thought only of himself When he wanted amusement, all that stood in his way he hated, even if it were she. When he was in trouble he moaned to her ceaselessly."Goodness, boy!" she said, when he groaned about a master who, he said, hated him, "if you don't like it, alter it, and if you can't alter it, put up with it."And his father, whom he had loved and who had worshipped him, he came to detest. As he grew older, Morel fell into a slow ruin. There came over him a look of meanness and of paltriness （微不足道）.And when the mean-looking elderly man bullied or ordered the boy about, Arthur was furious. Moreover, Morel's manners got worse and worse, his habits somewhat disgusting."Dirty nuisance !" Arthur would cry, jumping up and going straight out of the house when his father disgusted him. And Morel persisted the more because his children hated it. He seemed to take a kind of satisfaction in disgusting them, and driving them nearly mad, while they were so irritably sensitive at the age of fourteen or fifteen. So that Arthur, who was growing up when his father was degenerate and elderly, hated him worst of all.Then, sometimes, the father would seem to feel the contemptuous （藐视的）hatred of his children."There's not a man tries harder for his family!" he would shout. "He does his best for them, and then gets treated like a dog. But I'm not going to stand it, I tell you!"As it was, the battle now went on nearly all between father and children, he persisting in his dirty and disgusting ways, just to assert his independence. They hated him.29.What does paragraph 6 say about Arthur's father?

Arthur Morel was growing up. He was a quick, careless, impulsive boy, a good deal like his father. He hated study, made a great moan if he had to work, and escaped as soon as possible to his sport again.In appearance he remained the flower of the family, being well made, graceful, and full of life. His dark brown hair and fresh colouring, and his exquisite dark blue eyes, together with his generous manner and fiery temper （急脾气），made him a favourite. But as he grew older his temper became uncertain. He flew into rages over nothing, seemed unbearably raw and irritable.His mother, whom he loved, wearied of him sometimes. He thought only of himself. When he wanted amusement, all that stood in his way he hated, even if it were she. When he was in trouble he moaned to her ceaselessly."Goodness, boy!" she said, when he groaned about a master who, he said, hated him, "if you don't like it, alter it, and if you can't alter it, put up with it."And his father, whom he had loved and who had worshipped him, he came to detest. As he grew older, Morel fell into a slow ruin. There came over him a look of meanness and of paltriness （微不足道）. And when the mean-looking elderly man bullied or ordered the boy about, Arthur was furious. Moreover, Morel's manners got worse and worse, his habits somewhat disgusting."Dirty nuisance !" Arthur would cry, jumping up and going straight out of the house when his father disgusted him. And Morel persisted the more because his children hated it. He seemed to take a kind of satisfaction in disgusting them, and driving them nearly mad, while they were so irritably sensitive at the age of fourteen or fifteen. So that Arthur, who was growing up when his father was degenerate and elderly, hated him worst of all.Then, sometimes, the father would seem to feel the contemptuous （藐视的）hatred of his children."There's not a man tries harder for his family!" he would shout. "He does his best for them, and then gets treated like a dog. But I'm not going to stand it, I tell you!"As it was, the battle now went on nearly all between father and children, he persisting in his dirty and disgusting ways, just to assert his independence. They hated him.30.Why did the father persist in his way of treating his children?

The English, as a race, have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island （31） has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities.Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxed （32） . In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, （33） . You have only to witness a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit （34） or dozing in a comer; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An English wit, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is （35） of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.It is a well-known fact that the English have （36） and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it （37） . Some people argue that it is because English weather defies forecast and hence is （38） to everyone. This may be so. Certainly Englishmen cannot have much faith in the meteorological experts—the weathermenwho, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong when an anti-cyclone over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts. The man in the street seems to be as accurate—or as inaccurate—as the weathermen （39） . This helps to explain the seemingly odd sight of an Englishman （40） with a raincoat slung over his arm and an umbrella in his hand. So variable is the weather that by lunchtime it could be pouring.（From The English Character）A.an obsession with their weatherB.an unwritten but clearly understood codeC.a source of interest and speculationD.leaving home on a bright, sunny, summer morningE.only among people he knows wellF.separated from the rest of EuropeG.even embarrassedH.at lengthI.accompanied by appropriate gesturesJ.reading their newspapersK.more or lessL.in his predictions

eventuallyspecializecolonysubjectsuperiorpriorcontinueinvloveidentifyexpensegenerallywithUnlike most of the other non-foolish holidays, the history of April Fool's Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is not totally clear. There really wasn't a "First April Fool's Day" that can be pinpointed on the calendar. Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations （51） the first day of spring.The closest point in time that can be （52） as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. （53） to that year, the new year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. （54） the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, and New Year's Day was moved to January 1.However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and （55） to celebrate the new year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as "fools" by the general populace. They were （56） to some ridicule, and were often sent on "fools errands" or were made the butt （笑柄）of other practical jokes.This harassment （骚扰）evolved, over time, into a tradition of prank-playing （开玩笑）on the first day of April. The tradition （57） spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century. It was later introduced to the American （58） of both the English and French. April Fool's Day thus developed into an international fun fest, so to speak, with different nationalities （59） in their own brand of humor at the （60） of their friends and families.