Early in World War II, the representatives of nine European governments fled to London. Nazi Germany had conquered much of Europe and had driven these leaders from their homelands. Representatives of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth nations met in London with the leaders of nine European nations. On June 12.1941, all these nations signed a declaration pledging to work for a free world， where people could live in peace and security. This pledge,usually called the Inter-Allied Declaration, was the first step toward building the UN.On October 30,1943, representatives of the United Kingdom, China, the Soviet U- nion, and the United States signed the Moscow Declaration on General Security. This declaration approved the idea of establishing an international organization for preserving world peace.From August to October 1944,representatives of the United Kingdom,China, the Soviet Union,and the United States held a series of meetings at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington D.C. The four nations succeeded in drawing up a basic plan, though they could not agree on some important questions. The plan's main feature was a Security Council on which the United Kingdom,China9 France,the Soviet Union, and the United States would be permanently represented.In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill,and Stalin met at Yalta in the Crimea. The three leaders announced that a conference of United Nations would open in San Francisco on April 25,1945. This conference would use the plan worked out at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference to help prepare a charter for the UN.Delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco for the United Nations Conference on International Organization. The conference opened on April 25, 1945,13 days after the death of Roosevelt and 12 days before the surrender of Germany. Victory over Japan was still four months away.At the conference.some major disagreements arose between the Big Three (the United Kingdom,the Soviet Union, and the United States) and the smaller, less powerful nations. The Big Three believed they could guarantee future peace only if they continued to cooperate as they had during the war. They insisted that the Charter of the United Nations should give them the power to veto actions of the Security Council. The smaller nations opposed the veto power but failed to defeat it.On June 26,1945,all 50 nations present at the conference voted to accept the charter. Poland had been unable to attend but later signed the charter as an original member. The charter then had to be approved by the governments of the five permanent members of the Security Council and of a majority of the other nations that signed it. It went into effect on October 24,1945,a date celebrated every year as United Nations Day.The UN Charter was officially effective on ______.

The term"flying saucer" refers to strange objects travelling through the earth's atmosphere at very high speeds. Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them. Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets. Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth. Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature Jight, or weather conditions. All reports, however, agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing (逆转)direction instantly without slowing down.In the United States,the first flying saucers were reported on June 4,1947,by a private plane pilot. He saw nine objects travelling in the sky. Each was disk-shaped and very bright. Because their movements were compared to those of a"saucer skimming across the water". newspaper reporters called them "flying saucers".Some weeks after the first reported sighting,the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers. Because of the confusing variely of shapes,sizes,and colors reported, the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects(UFO) to describe them.Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers, they have identified most of the objects as stars, planes, man-made satellites,experimental missiles(导弹)，or weather phenomena. Some of the UFO reports, including photographs, were deliberate (蓄意的)tricks made to cheat people.All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth. Most investigators agree• however, that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.The term “flying saucer” is generally used to refer to ______.

The term"flying saucer" refers to strange objects travelling through the earth's atmosphere at very high speeds. Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them. Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets. Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth. Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature Jight, or weather conditions. All reports, however, agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing (逆转)direction instantly without slowing down.In the United States,the first flying saucers were reported on June 4,1947,by a private plane pilot. He saw nine objects travelling in the sky. Each was disk-shaped and very bright. Because their movements were compared to those of a"saucer skimming across the water". newspaper reporters called them "flying saucers".Some weeks after the first reported sighting,the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers. Because of the confusing variely of shapes,sizes,and colors reported, the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects(UFO) to describe them.Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers, they have identified most of the objects as stars, planes, man-made satellites,experimental missiles(导弹)，or weather phenomena. Some of the UFO reports, including photographs, were deliberate (蓄意的)tricks made to cheat people.All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth. Most investigators agree• however, that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.The first flying saucers got their name ______.

The term"flying saucer" refers to strange objects travelling through the earth's atmosphere at very high speeds. Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them. Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets. Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth. Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature Jight, or weather conditions. All reports, however, agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing (逆转)direction instantly without slowing down.In the United States,the first flying saucers were reported on June 4,1947,by a private plane pilot. He saw nine objects travelling in the sky. Each was disk-shaped and very bright. Because their movements were compared to those of a"saucer skimming across the water". newspaper reporters called them "flying saucers".Some weeks after the first reported sighting,the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers. Because of the confusing variely of shapes,sizes,and colors reported, the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects(UFO) to describe them.Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers, they have identified most of the objects as stars, planes, man-made satellites,experimental missiles(导弹)，or weather phenomena. Some of the UFO reports, including photographs, were deliberate (蓄意的)tricks made to cheat people.All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth. Most investigators agree• however, that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.The Air Force preferred the term UFO because ______.

The term"flying saucer" refers to strange objects travelling through the earth's atmosphere at very high speeds. Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them. Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets. Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth. Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature Jight, or weather conditions. All reports, however, agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing (逆转)direction instantly without slowing down.In the United States,the first flying saucers were reported on June 4,1947,by a private plane pilot. He saw nine objects travelling in the sky. Each was disk-shaped and very bright. Because their movements were compared to those of a"saucer skimming across the water". newspaper reporters called them "flying saucers".Some weeks after the first reported sighting,the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers. Because of the confusing variely of shapes,sizes,and colors reported, the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects(UFO) to describe them.Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers, they have identified most of the objects as stars, planes, man-made satellites,experimental missiles(导弹)，or weather phenomena. Some of the UFO reports, including photographs, were deliberate (蓄意的)tricks made to cheat people.All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth. Most investigators agree• however, that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.All the research has failed to identify any UFOs as ______.

The term"flying saucer" refers to strange objects travelling through the earth's atmosphere at very high speeds. Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them. Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets. Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth. Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature Jight, or weather conditions. All reports, however, agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing (逆转)direction instantly without slowing down.In the United States,the first flying saucers were reported on June 4,1947,by a private plane pilot. He saw nine objects travelling in the sky. Each was disk-shaped and very bright. Because their movements were compared to those of a"saucer skimming across the water". newspaper reporters called them "flying saucers".Some weeks after the first reported sighting,the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers. Because of the confusing variely of shapes,sizes,and colors reported, the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects(UFO) to describe them.Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers, they have identified most of the objects as stars, planes, man-made satellites,experimental missiles(导弹)，or weather phenomena. Some of the UFO reports, including photographs, were deliberate (蓄意的)tricks made to cheat people.All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth. Most investigators agree• however, that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.From this passage we know that ______.

Cliff House has gone through five major constructions and reconstructions since its beginning in 1858. That year. Samuel Brannan, a prosperous man from Maine, bought for $ 1,500 the lumber from a ship that wrecked on the cliffs below. With this material he built the first Cliff House. The second Cliff House was built for Captain Junius G. Foster, but as it was a long difficult trip from the city, the house hosted mostly horseback riders, small game hunters or picnickers on day outings. With the opening of a toll road a year later, the Cliff House became successful with the Carriage trade for Sunday travel. On weekends, there was little room at the Cliff House for horses and carriages. Soon, omnibus railways and streetcar lines made it to near Lone Mountain where passengers transferred to stagecoach lines to the beach. The growth of Golden Gate Park attracted beach travelers in search of meals and a look at the Sea Lions sunning themselves on Seal Rock, just off the cliffs to visit the area.In 1877, the toll road, now Geary Boulevard, was purchased by the City of San Francisco for around $ 25.000. In 1883, after a few years of downturn^ the Cliff House was bought by Adolph Sulro, a multimillionaire who made his fortune from mining. After a few years of quiet management by J. M. Wilkens, the Cliff House was severely damaged by an explosion of the ship, which destroyed the northern part of the house. Seven years later, on Christmas 1894 the repaired old building burned down.In 1896, Adolph Sutro built a new Cliff House, a seven-story Victorian style castle, called by some "the Gingerbread Palace."In the same year, work began on the famous Sutro Baths, which included six of the largest indoor swimming pools north of the restaurant that included a museum, a skating rink and other pleasure grounds. Great throngs of San Franciscans arrived on steam trains, bicycles, carts and horse wagons on Sunday excursions.The Cliff House and Sutro Baths survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage but burned to the ground on the evening of September 7, 1907. Rebuilding of the restaurant was completed within two years and, with additions and modern restorations9 is the one seen today.The building was acquired by the National Park Service in 1977 and it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site overlooks the Seal Rock and the former site of the Sutro Baths. More than thirty ships have been pounded to pieces on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below Cliff House.The story of Cliff House goes back to ______.

Cliff House has gone through five major constructions and reconstructions since its beginning in 1858. That year. Samuel Brannan, a prosperous man from Maine, bought for $ 1,500 the lumber from a ship that wrecked on the cliffs below. With this material he built the first Cliff House. The second Cliff House was built for Captain Junius G. Foster, but as it was a long difficult trip from the city, the house hosted mostly horseback riders, small game hunters or picnickers on day outings. With the opening of a toll road a year later, the Cliff House became successful with the Carriage trade for Sunday travel. On weekends, there was little room at the Cliff House for horses and carriages. Soon, omnibus railways and streetcar lines made it to near Lone Mountain where passengers transferred to stagecoach lines to the beach. The growth of Golden Gate Park attracted beach travelers in search of meals and a look at the Sea Lions sunning themselves on Seal Rock, just off the cliffs to visit the area.In 1877, the toll road, now Geary Boulevard, was purchased by the City of San Francisco for around $ 25.000. In 1883, after a few years of downturn^ the Cliff House was bought by Adolph Sulro, a multimillionaire who made his fortune from mining. After a few years of quiet management by J. M. Wilkens, the Cliff House was severely damaged by an explosion of the ship, which destroyed the northern part of the house. Seven years later, on Christmas 1894 the repaired old building burned down.In 1896, Adolph Sutro built a new Cliff House, a seven-story Victorian style castle, called by some "the Gingerbread Palace."In the same year, work began on the famous Sutro Baths, which included six of the largest indoor swimming pools north of the restaurant that included a museum, a skating rink and other pleasure grounds. Great throngs of San Franciscans arrived on steam trains, bicycles, carts and horse wagons on Sunday excursions.The Cliff House and Sutro Baths survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage but burned to the ground on the evening of September 7, 1907. Rebuilding of the restaurant was completed within two years and, with additions and modern restorations9 is the one seen today.The building was acquired by the National Park Service in 1977 and it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site overlooks the Seal Rock and the former site of the Sutro Baths. More than thirty ships have been pounded to pieces on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below Cliff House.The second Cliff House was built for ______.

Cliff House has gone through five major constructions and reconstructions since its beginning in 1858. That year. Samuel Brannan, a prosperous man from Maine, bought for $ 1,500 the lumber from a ship that wrecked on the cliffs below. With this material he built the first Cliff House. The second Cliff House was built for Captain Junius G. Foster, but as it was a long difficult trip from the city, the house hosted mostly horseback riders, small game hunters or picnickers on day outings. With the opening of a toll road a year later, the Cliff House became successful with the Carriage trade for Sunday travel. On weekends, there was little room at the Cliff House for horses and carriages. Soon, omnibus railways and streetcar lines made it to near Lone Mountain where passengers transferred to stagecoach lines to the beach. The growth of Golden Gate Park attracted beach travelers in search of meals and a look at the Sea Lions sunning themselves on Seal Rock, just off the cliffs to visit the area.In 1877, the toll road, now Geary Boulevard, was purchased by the City of San Francisco for around $ 25.000. In 1883, after a few years of downturn^ the Cliff House was bought by Adolph Sulro, a multimillionaire who made his fortune from mining. After a few years of quiet management by J. M. Wilkens, the Cliff House was severely damaged by an explosion of the ship, which destroyed the northern part of the house. Seven years later, on Christmas 1894 the repaired old building burned down.In 1896, Adolph Sutro built a new Cliff House, a seven-story Victorian style castle, called by some "the Gingerbread Palace."In the same year, work began on the famous Sutro Baths, which included six of the largest indoor swimming pools north of the restaurant that included a museum, a skating rink and other pleasure grounds. Great throngs of San Franciscans arrived on steam trains, bicycles, carts and horse wagons on Sunday excursions.The Cliff House and Sutro Baths survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage but burned to the ground on the evening of September 7, 1907. Rebuilding of the restaurant was completed within two years and, with additions and modern restorations9 is the one seen today.The building was acquired by the National Park Service in 1977 and it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site overlooks the Seal Rock and the former site of the Sutro Baths. More than thirty ships have been pounded to pieces on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below Cliff House.Victorian style castle mentioned in the passage (para.3) was ______.

Cliff House has gone through five major constructions and reconstructions since its beginning in 1858. That year. Samuel Brannan, a prosperous man from Maine, bought for $ 1,500 the lumber from a ship that wrecked on the cliffs below. With this material he built the first Cliff House. The second Cliff House was built for Captain Junius G. Foster, but as it was a long difficult trip from the city, the house hosted mostly horseback riders, small game hunters or picnickers on day outings. With the opening of a toll road a year later, the Cliff House became successful with the Carriage trade for Sunday travel. On weekends, there was little room at the Cliff House for horses and carriages. Soon, omnibus railways and streetcar lines made it to near Lone Mountain where passengers transferred to stagecoach lines to the beach. The growth of Golden Gate Park attracted beach travelers in search of meals and a look at the Sea Lions sunning themselves on Seal Rock, just off the cliffs to visit the area.In 1877, the toll road, now Geary Boulevard, was purchased by the City of San Francisco for around $ 25.000. In 1883, after a few years of downturn^ the Cliff House was bought by Adolph Sulro, a multimillionaire who made his fortune from mining. After a few years of quiet management by J. M. Wilkens, the Cliff House was severely damaged by an explosion of the ship, which destroyed the northern part of the house. Seven years later, on Christmas 1894 the repaired old building burned down.In 1896, Adolph Sutro built a new Cliff House, a seven-story Victorian style castle, called by some "the Gingerbread Palace."In the same year, work began on the famous Sutro Baths, which included six of the largest indoor swimming pools north of the restaurant that included a museum, a skating rink and other pleasure grounds. Great throngs of San Franciscans arrived on steam trains, bicycles, carts and horse wagons on Sunday excursions.The Cliff House and Sutro Baths survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage but burned to the ground on the evening of September 7, 1907. Rebuilding of the restaurant was completed within two years and, with additions and modern restorations9 is the one seen today.The building was acquired by the National Park Service in 1977 and it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site overlooks the Seal Rock and the former site of the Sutro Baths. More than thirty ships have been pounded to pieces on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below Cliff House.The Cliff House we see today was completed in ______.