Winston Churchill:His Other Life My father,Winston Churchill,began his love affair with painting in his 40s,amid disastrous circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty(海军大臣）in 1915,he was deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardanelles (达达尼尔海峡）that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war.But when the mission failed,with great loss of life,Churchill paid the price,both publicly and privately. He was removed from the Admiralty and effectively sidelined. Overwhelmed by the catastrophe-“I thought he would die of grief,”said his wife,Clementine-he retired with his family to Hoe Farm,a country retreat(休息寓所）in Surrey.There, as Churchill later recalled,"The muse（冥想）of painting came to my rescue!” Wandering in the garden one day,he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolors: He watched her for a few minutes,then borrowed her brush and tried his hand.The muse had cast her spell(魔法）！ Churchill soon decided to experiment with oils. Delighted with this distraction from his dark broodings(沉思），Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints she could find. For Churchill,however,the next step seemed difficult as he contemplated with unaccustomed nervousness the blameless whiteness of a new canvas(画布）。 He started with the sky and later described how “very gingerly(小心翼翼地）I mixed a little blue paint on the palette,and then with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean upon the affronted(被冒犯）snow-white shield. At that moment the sound of a motor car was heard in the drive. From this chariot stepped the gifted wife of Sir John Lavery .” “'Painting!'she declared. “But what are you hesitating about? Let me have the brush-the big one.'Splash into the turpentine (松脂油），wallop（乱窜）into the blue and the white,frantic flourish on the palette(调色板），and then several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely cowering(退缩的）canvas.” At that time,John Lavery- a Churchill neighbor and celebrated painter-was tutoring Churchill in his art. Later,Lavery said of his unusual pupil,“Had he chosen painting instead of statesmanship,I believe he would have been a great master with the brush. ” In painting,Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of the years that remained to him.After the war,painting would offer deep solace when,in 1921,the death of the mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine's beloved three-year-old daughter,Marigold. Battered by grief,Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland,finding comfort in his painting. He wrote to Clementine,“I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with crimson and golden hills in the background. Alas I keep feeling the hurt of the Duckadilly (Marigold's pet name).” Historians have called the decade after 1929,when the Conservative government fell and Winston was out of office,his wilderness years. Politically he may have been wandering in barren places, a lonely fighter trying to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler,but artistically that wilderness bore abundant fruit.During these years he often painted in the South of France. Of the 500-odd canvases extant(现存的），roughly 250 date from 1930 to 1939. Painting remained a joy to Churchill to the end of his life.“Happy are the painters,” he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime,“for they shall not be lonely. Light and color,peace and hope,will keep them company to the end of the day. ” And so it was for my father. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the in formation given in the text. 3.Churchill's "wilderness years" refers to the period when his party was not in power and he was out of office.

Winston Churchill:His Other Life My father,Winston Churchill,began his love affair with painting in his 40s,amid disastrous circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty(海军大臣）in 1915,he was deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardanelles (达达尼尔海峡）that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war.But when the mission failed,with great loss of life,Churchill paid the price,both publicly and privately. He was removed from the Admiralty and effectively sidelined. Overwhelmed by the catastrophe-“I thought he would die of grief,”said his wife,Clementine-he retired with his family to Hoe Farm,a country retreat(休息寓所）in Surrey.There, as Churchill later recalled,"The muse（冥想）of painting came to my rescue!” Wandering in the garden one day,he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolors: He watched her for a few minutes,then borrowed her brush and tried his hand.The muse had cast her spell(魔法）！ Churchill soon decided to experiment with oils. Delighted with this distraction from his dark broodings(沉思），Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints she could find. For Churchill,however,the next step seemed difficult as he contemplated with unaccustomed nervousness the blameless whiteness of a new canvas(画布）。 He started with the sky and later described how “very gingerly(小心翼翼地）I mixed a little blue paint on the palette,and then with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean upon the affronted(被冒犯）snow-white shield. At that moment the sound of a motor car was heard in the drive. From this chariot stepped the gifted wife of Sir John Lavery .” “'Painting!'she declared. “But what are you hesitating about? Let me have the brush-the big one.'Splash into the turpentine (松脂油），wallop（乱窜）into the blue and the white,frantic flourish on the palette(调色板），and then several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely cowering(退缩的）canvas.” At that time,John Lavery- a Churchill neighbor and celebrated painter-was tutoring Churchill in his art. Later,Lavery said of his unusual pupil,“Had he chosen painting instead of statesmanship,I believe he would have been a great master with the brush. ” In painting,Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of the years that remained to him.After the war,painting would offer deep solace when,in 1921,the death of the mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine's beloved three-year-old daughter,Marigold. Battered by grief,Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland,finding comfort in his painting. He wrote to Clementine,“I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with crimson and golden hills in the background. Alas I keep feeling the hurt of the Duckadilly (Marigold's pet name).” Historians have called the decade after 1929,when the Conservative government fell and Winston was out of office,his wilderness years. Politically he may have been wandering in barren places, a lonely fighter trying to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler,but artistically that wilderness bore abundant fruit.During these years he often painted in the South of France. Of the 500-odd canvases extant(现存的），roughly 250 date from 1930 to 1939. Painting remained a joy to Churchill to the end of his life.“Happy are the painters,” he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime,“for they shall not be lonely. Light and color,peace and hope,will keep them company to the end of the day. ” And so it was for my father. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the in formation given in the text. 4.From the passage, it may be inferred that Churchill kept warning his country fellows that Hitler was a menace to Britain but his warning was not taken seriously.

Winston Churchill:His Other Life My father,Winston Churchill,began his love affair with painting in his 40s,amid disastrous circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty(海军大臣）in 1915,he was deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardanelles (达达尼尔海峡）that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war.But when the mission failed,with great loss of life,Churchill paid the price,both publicly and privately. He was removed from the Admiralty and effectively sidelined. Overwhelmed by the catastrophe-“I thought he would die of grief,”said his wife,Clementine-he retired with his family to Hoe Farm,a country retreat(休息寓所）in Surrey.There, as Churchill later recalled,"The muse（冥想）of painting came to my rescue!” Wandering in the garden one day,he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolors: He watched her for a few minutes,then borrowed her brush and tried his hand.The muse had cast her spell(魔法）！ Churchill soon decided to experiment with oils. Delighted with this distraction from his dark broodings(沉思），Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints she could find. For Churchill,however,the next step seemed difficult as he contemplated with unaccustomed nervousness the blameless whiteness of a new canvas(画布）。 He started with the sky and later described how “very gingerly(小心翼翼地）I mixed a little blue paint on the palette,and then with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean upon the affronted(被冒犯）snow-white shield. At that moment the sound of a motor car was heard in the drive. From this chariot stepped the gifted wife of Sir John Lavery .” “'Painting!'she declared. “But what are you hesitating about? Let me have the brush-the big one.'Splash into the turpentine (松脂油），wallop（乱窜）into the blue and the white,frantic flourish on the palette(调色板），and then several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely cowering(退缩的）canvas.” At that time,John Lavery- a Churchill neighbor and celebrated painter-was tutoring Churchill in his art. Later,Lavery said of his unusual pupil,“Had he chosen painting instead of statesmanship,I believe he would have been a great master with the brush. ” In painting,Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of the years that remained to him.After the war,painting would offer deep solace when,in 1921,the death of the mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine's beloved three-year-old daughter,Marigold. Battered by grief,Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland,finding comfort in his painting. He wrote to Clementine,“I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with crimson and golden hills in the background. Alas I keep feeling the hurt of the Duckadilly (Marigold's pet name).” Historians have called the decade after 1929,when the Conservative government fell and Winston was out of office,his wilderness years. Politically he may have been wandering in barren places, a lonely fighter trying to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler,but artistically that wilderness bore abundant fruit.During these years he often painted in the South of France. Of the 500-odd canvases extant(现存的），roughly 250 date from 1930 to 1939. Painting remained a joy to Churchill to the end of his life.“Happy are the painters,” he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime,“for they shall not be lonely. Light and color,peace and hope,will keep them company to the end of the day. ” And so it was for my father. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the in formation given in the text. 5. Although he was politically frustrated,he found a lot of comfort in his painting.

Three Branches of the Federal Government The Legislative Branch Congress is the legislative branch of the Union,and it consists of two houses:the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. The main function of the Congress is to pass laws for the Union.The revenue bills-proposed laws to raise money for the government-must begin in the House-Only after the House has approved then can the Senate act on them. The House alone also has the power to choose a President under certain circumstances. Congress is not only the U.S.national legislature but also a political body.Most representatives and Senators try to carry out the programs of the political parties to which they belong.Today,the Democrats and the Republications are America's two largest political parties.Whichever party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority part and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate. Each House of Congress has two party committees,one set up by the majority party and the other by the minority party.The purpose of party committees is to influence the law-making process.In each House of Congress,the majority party selects a majority floor(议员席）leader and the minority party selects a minority floor leader.The floor leader is the chief spokesperson and legislative strategist for the party. The Executive Branch The U.S.Constitution created an executive branch to carry out the laws passed by Congress and to run the day-to-day business of government.The executive branch is a vast bureaucratic machinery.There are now twelve executive departments and more than a hundred independent agencies. The President holds the highest office in the federal government. The powers of the President are great,but not without limitations.The president has the authority to appoint federal justices as vacancies occur,including members of the Supreme Court.Within the executive branch,the President has broad powers to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments and agencies. The President appoints the head and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.The President is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other countries. The President appoints ambassadors and other officials,subject to Senate approval,and with the Secretary of Sate formulates and manages the nation’s foreign policy. The President is the head of state elected by the whole nation. Presidential elections take place every four years . Although many parties parties present presidential candidates, the elections have been dominated by the two major bourgeois parties-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The people can only choose between the candidates put up by the parties. The Judicial Branch In the United States there are two systems of laws and courts; federal and state and each is independent of the other. Federal courts enforce federal laws while state courts enforce state laws. The Constitution says: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as Congress may establish. All the judges shall hold their offices during good behavior." The federal courts do not actively seek out cases. The courts will not act until an individual or an organization files a lawsuit challenging the law. Cases within the federal court system are divided into three categories: civil cases,criminal cases and cases in equity. A civil suit is a dispute over the legal rights and duties of the parties to the suit. A criminal case involves an attempt to punish someone accused of breaking the law. A case in equity involves an attempt to correct an unfair situation before it is too late. Cases in equity are intended to provide relief where the ordinary remedies of the law might come too late. The state courts have judicial power over all civil and criminal cases arising under state laws. The state courts system is generally similar to the federal system, to the extent that it also has a number of trail courts and intermediate courts, and a single court of last resort. They impose various sentences for various crimes. Two features of the American legal system that merit attention are the bail system and "habeas corpus"(人身保护权）.A suspect can be set loose after handing in the required bail; however must be ready to appear for his trial,or he forfeits his bail.A writ of habeas corpus requires the police to release from jail any person not charged with a specific crime within 48 hours. Questions 1-10 are based on this magazine article on 3 different branches of the U.S.Government.Answer each question by choosing A,B,or C. Which of the three branches... 1.( )carries out the laws?

Three Branches of the Federal Government The Legislative Branch Congress is the legislative branch of the Union,and it consists of two houses:the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. The main function of the Congress is to pass laws for the Union.The revenue bills-proposed laws to raise money for the government-must begin in the House-Only after the House has approved then can the Senate act on them. The House alone also has the power to choose a President under certain circumstances. Congress is not only the U.S.national legislature but also a political body.Most representatives and Senators try to carry out the programs of the political parties to which they belong.Today,the Democrats and the Republications are America's two largest political parties.Whichever party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority part and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate. Each House of Congress has two party committees,one set up by the majority party and the other by the minority party.The purpose of party committees is to influence the law-making process.In each House of Congress,the majority party selects a majority floor(议员席）leader and the minority party selects a minority floor leader.The floor leader is the chief spokesperson and legislative strategist for the party. The Executive Branch The U.S.Constitution created an executive branch to carry out the laws passed by Congress and to run the day-to-day business of government.The executive branch is a vast bureaucratic machinery.There are now twelve executive departments and more than a hundred independent agencies. The President holds the highest office in the federal government. The powers of the President are great,but not without limitations.The president has the authority to appoint federal justices as vacancies occur,including members of the Supreme Court.Within the executive branch,the President has broad powers to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments and agencies. The President appoints the head and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.The President is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other countries. The President appoints ambassadors and other officials,subject to Senate approval,and with the Secretary of Sate formulates and manages the nation’s foreign policy. The President is the head of state elected by the whole nation. Presidential elections take place every four years . Although many parties parties present presidential candidates, the elections have been dominated by the two major bourgeois parties-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The people can only choose between the candidates put up by the parties. The Judicial Branch In the United States there are two systems of laws and courts; federal and state and each is independent of the other. Federal courts enforce federal laws while state courts enforce state laws. The Constitution says: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as Congress may establish. All the judges shall hold their offices during good behavior." The federal courts do not actively seek out cases. The courts will not act until an individual or an organization files a lawsuit challenging the law. Cases within the federal court system are divided into three categories: civil cases,criminal cases and cases in equity. A civil suit is a dispute over the legal rights and duties of the parties to the suit. A criminal case involves an attempt to punish someone accused of breaking the law. A case in equity involves an attempt to correct an unfair situation before it is too late. Cases in equity are intended to provide relief where the ordinary remedies of the law might come too late. The state courts have judicial power over all civil and criminal cases arising under state laws. The state courts system is generally similar to the federal system, to the extent that it also has a number of trail courts and intermediate courts, and a single court of last resort. They impose various sentences for various crimes. Two features of the American legal system that merit attention are the bail system and "habeas corpus"(人身保护权）.A suspect can be set loose after handing in the required bail; however must be ready to appear for his trial,or he forfeits his bail.A writ of habeas corpus requires the police to release from jail any person not charged with a specific crime within 48 hours. Questions 1-10 are based on this magazine article on 3 different branches of the U.S.Government.Answer each question by choosing A,B,or C. Which of the three branches... 2.( )has two features of bail system and “habeas corpus”?

Three Branches of the Federal Government The Legislative Branch Congress is the legislative branch of the Union,and it consists of two houses:the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. The main function of the Congress is to pass laws for the Union.The revenue bills-proposed laws to raise money for the government-must begin in the House-Only after the House has approved then can the Senate act on them. The House alone also has the power to choose a President under certain circumstances. Congress is not only the U.S.national legislature but also a political body.Most representatives and Senators try to carry out the programs of the political parties to which they belong.Today,the Democrats and the Republications are America's two largest political parties.Whichever party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority part and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate. Each House of Congress has two party committees,one set up by the majority party and the other by the minority party.The purpose of party committees is to influence the law-making process.In each House of Congress,the majority party selects a majority floor(议员席）leader and the minority party selects a minority floor leader.The floor leader is the chief spokesperson and legislative strategist for the party. The Executive Branch The U.S.Constitution created an executive branch to carry out the laws passed by Congress and to run the day-to-day business of government.The executive branch is a vast bureaucratic machinery.There are now twelve executive departments and more than a hundred independent agencies. The President holds the highest office in the federal government. The powers of the President are great,but not without limitations.The president has the authority to appoint federal justices as vacancies occur,including members of the Supreme Court.Within the executive branch,the President has broad powers to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments and agencies. The President appoints the head and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.The President is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other countries. The President appoints ambassadors and other officials,subject to Senate approval,and with the Secretary of Sate formulates and manages the nation’s foreign policy. The President is the head of state elected by the whole nation. Presidential elections take place every four years . Although many parties parties present presidential candidates, the elections have been dominated by the two major bourgeois parties-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The people can only choose between the candidates put up by the parties. The Judicial Branch In the United States there are two systems of laws and courts; federal and state and each is independent of the other. Federal courts enforce federal laws while state courts enforce state laws. The Constitution says: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as Congress may establish. All the judges shall hold their offices during good behavior." The federal courts do not actively seek out cases. The courts will not act until an individual or an organization files a lawsuit challenging the law. Cases within the federal court system are divided into three categories: civil cases,criminal cases and cases in equity. A civil suit is a dispute over the legal rights and duties of the parties to the suit. A criminal case involves an attempt to punish someone accused of breaking the law. A case in equity involves an attempt to correct an unfair situation before it is too late. Cases in equity are intended to provide relief where the ordinary remedies of the law might come too late. The state courts have judicial power over all civil and criminal cases arising under state laws. The state courts system is generally similar to the federal system, to the extent that it also has a number of trail courts and intermediate courts, and a single court of last resort. They impose various sentences for various crimes. Two features of the American legal system that merit attention are the bail system and "habeas corpus"(人身保护权）.A suspect can be set loose after handing in the required bail; however must be ready to appear for his trial,or he forfeits his bail.A writ of habeas corpus requires the police to release from jail any person not charged with a specific crime within 48 hours. Questions 1-10 are based on this magazine article on 3 different branches of the U.S.Government.Answer each question by choosing A,B,or C. Which of the three branches... 3.( )has judicial power over all civil and criminal cases?

Three Branches of the Federal Government The Legislative Branch Congress is the legislative branch of the Union,and it consists of two houses:the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. The main function of the Congress is to pass laws for the Union.The revenue bills-proposed laws to raise money for the government-must begin in the House-Only after the House has approved then can the Senate act on them. The House alone also has the power to choose a President under certain circumstances. Congress is not only the U.S.national legislature but also a political body.Most representatives and Senators try to carry out the programs of the political parties to which they belong.Today,the Democrats and the Republications are America's two largest political parties.Whichever party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority part and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate. Each House of Congress has two party committees,one set up by the majority party and the other by the minority party.The purpose of party committees is to influence the law-making process.In each House of Congress,the majority party selects a majority floor(议员席）leader and the minority party selects a minority floor leader.The floor leader is the chief spokesperson and legislative strategist for the party. The Executive Branch The U.S.Constitution created an executive branch to carry out the laws passed by Congress and to run the day-to-day business of government.The executive branch is a vast bureaucratic machinery.There are now twelve executive departments and more than a hundred independent agencies. The President holds the highest office in the federal government. The powers of the President are great,but not without limitations.The president has the authority to appoint federal justices as vacancies occur,including members of the Supreme Court.Within the executive branch,the President has broad powers to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments and agencies. The President appoints the head and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.The President is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other countries. The President appoints ambassadors and other officials,subject to Senate approval,and with the Secretary of Sate formulates and manages the nation’s foreign policy. The President is the head of state elected by the whole nation. Presidential elections take place every four years . Although many parties parties present presidential candidates, the elections have been dominated by the two major bourgeois parties-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The people can only choose between the candidates put up by the parties. The Judicial Branch In the United States there are two systems of laws and courts; federal and state and each is independent of the other. Federal courts enforce federal laws while state courts enforce state laws. The Constitution says: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as Congress may establish. All the judges shall hold their offices during good behavior." The federal courts do not actively seek out cases. The courts will not act until an individual or an organization files a lawsuit challenging the law. Cases within the federal court system are divided into three categories: civil cases,criminal cases and cases in equity. A civil suit is a dispute over the legal rights and duties of the parties to the suit. A criminal case involves an attempt to punish someone accused of breaking the law. A case in equity involves an attempt to correct an unfair situation before it is too late. Cases in equity are intended to provide relief where the ordinary remedies of the law might come too late. The state courts have judicial power over all civil and criminal cases arising under state laws. The state courts system is generally similar to the federal system, to the extent that it also has a number of trail courts and intermediate courts, and a single court of last resort. They impose various sentences for various crimes. Two features of the American legal system that merit attention are the bail system and "habeas corpus"(人身保护权）.A suspect can be set loose after handing in the required bail; however must be ready to appear for his trial,or he forfeits his bail.A writ of habeas corpus requires the police to release from jail any person not charged with a specific crime within 48 hours. Questions 1-10 are based on this magazine article on 3 different branches of the U.S.Government.Answer each question by choosing A,B,or C. Which of the three branches... 4.( )has the authority to appoint justices of the Supreme Court as vacancies occur?

Three Branches of the Federal Government The Legislative Branch Congress is the legislative branch of the Union,and it consists of two houses:the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. The main function of the Congress is to pass laws for the Union.The revenue bills-proposed laws to raise money for the government-must begin in the House-Only after the House has approved then can the Senate act on them. The House alone also has the power to choose a President under certain circumstances. Congress is not only the U.S.national legislature but also a political body.Most representatives and Senators try to carry out the programs of the political parties to which they belong.Today,the Democrats and the Republications are America's two largest political parties.Whichever party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority part and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate. Each House of Congress has two party committees,one set up by the majority party and the other by the minority party.The purpose of party committees is to influence the law-making process.In each House of Congress,the majority party selects a majority floor(议员席）leader and the minority party selects a minority floor leader.The floor leader is the chief spokesperson and legislative strategist for the party. The Executive Branch The U.S.Constitution created an executive branch to carry out the laws passed by Congress and to run the day-to-day business of government.The executive branch is a vast bureaucratic machinery.There are now twelve executive departments and more than a hundred independent agencies. The President holds the highest office in the federal government. The powers of the President are great,but not without limitations.The president has the authority to appoint federal justices as vacancies occur,including members of the Supreme Court.Within the executive branch,the President has broad powers to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments and agencies. The President appoints the head and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.The President is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other countries. The President appoints ambassadors and other officials,subject to Senate approval,and with the Secretary of Sate formulates and manages the nation’s foreign policy. The President is the head of state elected by the whole nation. Presidential elections take place every four years . Although many parties parties present presidential candidates, the elections have been dominated by the two major bourgeois parties-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The people can only choose between the candidates put up by the parties. The Judicial Branch In the United States there are two systems of laws and courts; federal and state and each is independent of the other. Federal courts enforce federal laws while state courts enforce state laws. The Constitution says: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as Congress may establish. All the judges shall hold their offices during good behavior." The federal courts do not actively seek out cases. The courts will not act until an individual or an organization files a lawsuit challenging the law. Cases within the federal court system are divided into three categories: civil cases,criminal cases and cases in equity. A civil suit is a dispute over the legal rights and duties of the parties to the suit. A criminal case involves an attempt to punish someone accused of breaking the law. A case in equity involves an attempt to correct an unfair situation before it is too late. Cases in equity are intended to provide relief where the ordinary remedies of the law might come too late. The state courts have judicial power over all civil and criminal cases arising under state laws. The state courts system is generally similar to the federal system, to the extent that it also has a number of trail courts and intermediate courts, and a single court of last resort. They impose various sentences for various crimes. Two features of the American legal system that merit attention are the bail system and "habeas corpus"(人身保护权）.A suspect can be set loose after handing in the required bail; however must be ready to appear for his trial,or he forfeits his bail.A writ of habeas corpus requires the police to release from jail any person not charged with a specific crime within 48 hours. Questions 1-10 are based on this magazine article on 3 different branches of the U.S.Government.Answer each question by choosing A,B,or C. Which of the three branches... 5.( )imposes various sentences for various crimes?

Three Branches of the Federal Government The Legislative Branch Congress is the legislative branch of the Union,and it consists of two houses:the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. The main function of the Congress is to pass laws for the Union.The revenue bills-proposed laws to raise money for the government-must begin in the House-Only after the House has approved then can the Senate act on them. The House alone also has the power to choose a President under certain circumstances. Congress is not only the U.S.national legislature but also a political body.Most representatives and Senators try to carry out the programs of the political parties to which they belong.Today,the Democrats and the Republications are America's two largest political parties.Whichever party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority part and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate. Each House of Congress has two party committees,one set up by the majority party and the other by the minority party.The purpose of party committees is to influence the law-making process.In each House of Congress,the majority party selects a majority floor(议员席）leader and the minority party selects a minority floor leader.The floor leader is the chief spokesperson and legislative strategist for the party. The Executive Branch The U.S.Constitution created an executive branch to carry out the laws passed by Congress and to run the day-to-day business of government.The executive branch is a vast bureaucratic machinery.There are now twelve executive departments and more than a hundred independent agencies. The President holds the highest office in the federal government. The powers of the President are great,but not without limitations.The president has the authority to appoint federal justices as vacancies occur,including members of the Supreme Court.Within the executive branch,the President has broad powers to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments and agencies. The President appoints the head and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.The President is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other countries. The President appoints ambassadors and other officials,subject to Senate approval,and with the Secretary of Sate formulates and manages the nation’s foreign policy. The President is the head of state elected by the whole nation. Presidential elections take place every four years . Although many parties parties present presidential candidates, the elections have been dominated by the two major bourgeois parties-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The people can only choose between the candidates put up by the parties. The Judicial Branch In the United States there are two systems of laws and courts; federal and state and each is independent of the other. Federal courts enforce federal laws while state courts enforce state laws. The Constitution says: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as Congress may establish. All the judges shall hold their offices during good behavior." The federal courts do not actively seek out cases. The courts will not act until an individual or an organization files a lawsuit challenging the law. Cases within the federal court system are divided into three categories: civil cases,criminal cases and cases in equity. A civil suit is a dispute over the legal rights and duties of the parties to the suit. A criminal case involves an attempt to punish someone accused of breaking the law. A case in equity involves an attempt to correct an unfair situation before it is too late. Cases in equity are intended to provide relief where the ordinary remedies of the law might come too late. The state courts have judicial power over all civil and criminal cases arising under state laws. The state courts system is generally similar to the federal system, to the extent that it also has a number of trail courts and intermediate courts, and a single court of last resort. They impose various sentences for various crimes. Two features of the American legal system that merit attention are the bail system and "habeas corpus"(人身保护权）.A suspect can be set loose after handing in the required bail; however must be ready to appear for his trial,or he forfeits his bail.A writ of habeas corpus requires the police to release from jail any person not charged with a specific crime within 48 hours. Questions 1-10 are based on this magazine article on 3 different branches of the U.S.Government.Answer each question by choosing A,B,or C. Which of the three branches... 6.( ).begins the revenue bills firstly?

Three Branches of the Federal Government The Legislative Branch Congress is the legislative branch of the Union,and it consists of two houses:the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. The main function of the Congress is to pass laws for the Union.The revenue bills-proposed laws to raise money for the government-must begin in the House-Only after the House has approved then can the Senate act on them. The House alone also has the power to choose a President under certain circumstances. Congress is not only the U.S.national legislature but also a political body.Most representatives and Senators try to carry out the programs of the political parties to which they belong.Today,the Democrats and the Republications are America's two largest political parties.Whichever party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority part and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate. Each House of Congress has two party committees,one set up by the majority party and the other by the minority party.The purpose of party committees is to influence the law-making process.In each House of Congress,the majority party selects a majority floor(议员席）leader and the minority party selects a minority floor leader.The floor leader is the chief spokesperson and legislative strategist for the party. The Executive Branch The U.S.Constitution created an executive branch to carry out the laws passed by Congress and to run the day-to-day business of government.The executive branch is a vast bureaucratic machinery.There are now twelve executive departments and more than a hundred independent agencies. The President holds the highest office in the federal government. The powers of the President are great,but not without limitations.The president has the authority to appoint federal justices as vacancies occur,including members of the Supreme Court.Within the executive branch,the President has broad powers to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments and agencies. The President appoints the head and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.The President is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other countries. The President appoints ambassadors and other officials,subject to Senate approval,and with the Secretary of Sate formulates and manages the nation’s foreign policy. The President is the head of state elected by the whole nation. Presidential elections take place every four years . Although many parties parties present presidential candidates, the elections have been dominated by the two major bourgeois parties-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The people can only choose between the candidates put up by the parties. The Judicial Branch In the United States there are two systems of laws and courts; federal and state and each is independent of the other. Federal courts enforce federal laws while state courts enforce state laws. The Constitution says: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as Congress may establish. All the judges shall hold their offices during good behavior." The federal courts do not actively seek out cases. The courts will not act until an individual or an organization files a lawsuit challenging the law. Cases within the federal court system are divided into three categories: civil cases,criminal cases and cases in equity. A civil suit is a dispute over the legal rights and duties of the parties to the suit. A criminal case involves an attempt to punish someone accused of breaking the law. A case in equity involves an attempt to correct an unfair situation before it is too late. Cases in equity are intended to provide relief where the ordinary remedies of the law might come too late. The state courts have judicial power over all civil and criminal cases arising under state laws. The state courts system is generally similar to the federal system, to the extent that it also has a number of trail courts and intermediate courts, and a single court of last resort. They impose various sentences for various crimes. Two features of the American legal system that merit attention are the bail system and "habeas corpus"(人身保护权）.A suspect can be set loose after handing in the required bail; however must be ready to appear for his trial,or he forfeits his bail.A writ of habeas corpus requires the police to release from jail any person not charged with a specific crime within 48 hours. Questions 1-10 are based on this magazine article on 3 different branches of the U.S.Government.Answer each question by choosing A,B,or C. Which of the three branches... 7.( )enforces federal laws and state laws?