Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.In today's Japan,a quarter of adults aged 20 to 49 are single.Many of them stilllive with their parents and depend on them for livelihood.These adult children are commonly referred to as “parasite singles”.Elderly parents are increasingly feeling the financial burden.Parasite singles' unmarried status and lack of independence cause a significant strain on their parents' quality of life.Although they are in their golden years,possibly 20%of residents aged 60 and over help support their children and grandchildren.So,why is this phenomenon of dependence commonplace throughout Japan?Aren't young people excited to live life freely?Surprisingly,the answer may be "not so much."In recent history,there has been a break-down in economic equality,leading to drastically different lives among social classes.As such,an emphasis on the individual and educational competition has increased.And parents strive to place heir children in better schools.Naturally,this kind of environment lends itself to helicopter parenting(鸡娃).Helicopter parents in Japan are controlling and aggressive.They focus too much on the details of their children's lives;some become involved to such an extent that,according to psychologists, they rob a child of his sense of dependency.Furthermore,it seems these parents do little to help their child confront real-world challenges,negatively affecting their chances of adulthood success.Bad economy plays another big role.Parasite singles just lack economic opportunities. Due to an aging and increasingly expensive middle-aged working-class,fewer full-time positions are available for younger employees.While unemployment is low for workers aged 45-54,the figure is multiples higher for recent graduates.Although job outlooks are poor, conservative Japanese society shifts the blame on to the parasite singles themselves.Single adult children are seen as lazy and self-indulgent.The truth is that they are underwhelmed by the lack of economic stability and stressful work situations.Many young men remain single as they have low annual salaries and hold traditional views regarding household duties.On the other hand,women,who are increasingly joining the workforce,are less interested in marrying men with low wages and little desire to share the housework.Considering all of these potential stressors,it's hardly surprising that young adults are uninterested in leaving the nest (安乐窝).For the most part,they live comfortable lives at home and,by and large,are uninterested in dating someone who“doesn't meet their conditions.”问题11:What do we know about the parents of “parasite singles”in Japan according to the passage?

Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.In today's Japan,a quarter of adults aged 20 to 49 are single.Many of them stilllive with their parents and depend on them for livelihood.These adult children are commonly referred to as “parasite singles”.Elderly parents are increasingly feeling the financial burden.Parasite singles' unmarried status and lack of independence cause a significant strain on their parents' quality of life.Although they are in their golden years,possibly 20%of residents aged 60 and over help support their children and grandchildren.So,why is this phenomenon of dependence commonplace throughout Japan?Aren't young people excited to live life freely?Surprisingly,the answer may be "not so much."In recent history,there has been a break-down in economic equality,leading to drastically different lives among social classes.As such,an emphasis on the individual and educational competition has increased.And parents strive to place heir children in better schools.Naturally,this kind of environment lends itself to helicopter parenting(鸡娃).Helicopter parents in Japan are controlling and aggressive.They focus too much on the details of their children's lives;some become involved to such an extent that,according to psychologists, they rob a child of his sense of dependency.Furthermore,it seems these parents do little to help their child confront real-world challenges,negatively affecting their chances of adulthood success.Bad economy plays another big role.Parasite singles just lack economic opportunities. Due to an aging and increasingly expensive middle-aged working-class,fewer full-time positions are available for younger employees.While unemployment is low for workers aged 45-54,the figure is multiples higher for recent graduates.Although job outlooks are poor, conservative Japanese society shifts the blame on to the parasite singles themselves.Single adult children are seen as lazy and self-indulgent.The truth is that they are underwhelmed by the lack of economic stability and stressful work situations.Many young men remain single as they have low annual salaries and hold traditional views regarding household duties.On the other hand,women,who are increasingly joining the workforce,are less interested in marrying men with low wages and little desire to share the housework.Considering all of these potential stressors,it's hardly surprising that young adults are uninterested in leaving the nest (安乐窝).For the most part,they live comfortable lives at home and,by and large,are uninterested in dating someone who“doesn't meet their conditions.”问题12:Which is the reason why the Japanese men stay unmarried?

Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.In today's Japan,a quarter of adults aged 20 to 49 are single.Many of them stilllive with their parents and depend on them for livelihood.These adult children are commonly referred to as “parasite singles”.Elderly parents are increasingly feeling the financial burden.Parasite singles' unmarried status and lack of independence cause a significant strain on their parents' quality of life.Although they are in their golden years,possibly 20%of residents aged 60 and over help support their children and grandchildren.So,why is this phenomenon of dependence commonplace throughout Japan?Aren't young people excited to live life freely?Surprisingly,the answer may be "not so much."In recent history,there has been a break-down in economic equality,leading to drastically different lives among social classes.As such,an emphasis on the individual and educational competition has increased.And parents strive to place heir children in better schools.Naturally,this kind of environment lends itself to helicopter parenting(鸡娃).Helicopter parents in Japan are controlling and aggressive.They focus too much on the details of their children's lives;some become involved to such an extent that,according to psychologists, they rob a child of his sense of dependency.Furthermore,it seems these parents do little to help their child confront real-world challenges,negatively affecting their chances of adulthood success.Bad economy plays another big role.Parasite singles just lack economic opportunities. Due to an aging and increasingly expensive middle-aged working-class,fewer full-time positions are available for younger employees.While unemployment is low for workers aged 45-54,the figure is multiples higher for recent graduates.Although job outlooks are poor, conservative Japanese society shifts the blame on to the parasite singles themselves.Single adult children are seen as lazy and self-indulgent.The truth is that they are underwhelmed by the lack of economic stability and stressful work situations.Many young men remain single as they have low annual salaries and hold traditional views regarding household duties.On the other hand,women,who are increasingly joining the workforce,are less interested in marrying men with low wages and little desire to share the housework.Considering all of these potential stressors,it's hardly surprising that young adults are uninterested in leaving the nest (安乐窝).For the most part,they live comfortable lives at home and,by and large,are uninterested in dating someone who“doesn't meet their conditions.”问题13:What accounts for the weak desire of the Japanese women to marry?

Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.In today's Japan,a quarter of adults aged 20 to 49 are single.Many of them stilllive with their parents and depend on them for livelihood.These adult children are commonly referred to as “parasite singles”.Elderly parents are increasingly feeling the financial burden.Parasite singles' unmarried status and lack of independence cause a significant strain on their parents' quality of life.Although they are in their golden years,possibly 20%of residents aged 60 and over help support their children and grandchildren.So,why is this phenomenon of dependence commonplace throughout Japan?Aren't young people excited to live life freely?Surprisingly,the answer may be "not so much."In recent history,there has been a break-down in economic equality,leading to drastically different lives among social classes.As such,an emphasis on the individual and educational competition has increased.And parents strive to place heir children in better schools.Naturally,this kind of environment lends itself to helicopter parenting(鸡娃).Helicopter parents in Japan are controlling and aggressive.They focus too much on the details of their children's lives;some become involved to such an extent that,according to psychologists, they rob a child of his sense of dependency.Furthermore,it seems these parents do little to help their child confront real-world challenges,negatively affecting their chances of adulthood success.Bad economy plays another big role.Parasite singles just lack economic opportunities. Due to an aging and increasingly expensive middle-aged working-class,fewer full-time positions are available for younger employees.While unemployment is low for workers aged 45-54,the figure is multiples higher for recent graduates.Although job outlooks are poor, conservative Japanese society shifts the blame on to the parasite singles themselves.Single adult children are seen as lazy and self-indulgent.The truth is that they are underwhelmed by the lack of economic stability and stressful work situations.Many young men remain single as they have low annual salaries and hold traditional views regarding household duties.On the other hand,women,who are increasingly joining the workforce,are less interested in marrying men with low wages and little desire to share the housework.Considering all of these potential stressors,it's hardly surprising that young adults are uninterested in leaving the nest (安乐窝).For the most part,they live comfortable lives at home and,by and large,are uninterested in dating someone who“doesn't meet their conditions.”问题14:Parasite singles seem to be largely a result of worsening _________ problems.

Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.In today's Japan,a quarter of adults aged 20 to 49 are single.Many of them stilllive with their parents and depend on them for livelihood.These adult children are commonly referred to as “parasite singles”.Elderly parents are increasingly feeling the financial burden.Parasite singles' unmarried status and lack of independence cause a significant strain on their parents' quality of life.Although they are in their golden years,possibly 20%of residents aged 60 and over help support their children and grandchildren.So,why is this phenomenon of dependence commonplace throughout Japan?Aren't young people excited to live life freely?Surprisingly,the answer may be "not so much."In recent history,there has been a break-down in economic equality,leading to drastically different lives among social classes.As such,an emphasis on the individual and educational competition has increased.And parents strive to place heir children in better schools.Naturally,this kind of environment lends itself to helicopter parenting(鸡娃).Helicopter parents in Japan are controlling and aggressive.They focus too much on the details of their children's lives;some become involved to such an extent that,according to psychologists, they rob a child of his sense of dependency.Furthermore,it seems these parents do little to help their child confront real-world challenges,negatively affecting their chances of adulthood success.Bad economy plays another big role.Parasite singles just lack economic opportunities. Due to an aging and increasingly expensive middle-aged working-class,fewer full-time positions are available for younger employees.While unemployment is low for workers aged 45-54,the figure is multiples higher for recent graduates.Although job outlooks are poor, conservative Japanese society shifts the blame on to the parasite singles themselves.Single adult children are seen as lazy and self-indulgent.The truth is that they are underwhelmed by the lack of economic stability and stressful work situations.Many young men remain single as they have low annual salaries and hold traditional views regarding household duties.On the other hand,women,who are increasingly joining the workforce,are less interested in marrying men with low wages and little desire to share the housework.Considering all of these potential stressors,it's hardly surprising that young adults are uninterested in leaving the nest (安乐窝).For the most part,they live comfortable lives at home and,by and large,are uninterested in dating someone who“doesn't meet their conditions.”问题15:What can parents do to have no parasite single children according to the author?

Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Education is not an end,but a means to an end.In other words,we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them.Our purpose is to fit them for life.Life is varied; so is education.As soon as we realize the fact,we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education.In some countries with advanced industries,they have free education for all.Under this system,people,no matter whether they are rich or poor,clever or foolish,have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges.They have for some time thought,by free education for all,they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation.But we can already see that free education for all is not enough.We find in such counties a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is “Iow"work.In fact,to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor.We can live without education,but we should die if none of us grew crops.If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our house,we should get terrible diseases in our towns.If there were no service people,because everyone was ashamed to do such work,the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework.On the other hand,if all the farmers were completely uneducated,their production would remain low.As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world,we would die if we did not have enough food.In fact,when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life,it means that all must be educated:firstly,to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability;secondly,to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is bad to be ashamed of one's own work or to look down upon someone else's;thirdly,to master all the necessary know-how(技能)to do one's job well.Only such education can be called valuable to society.问题16:Our purpose of educating children is to _________.

Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Education is not an end,but a means to an end.In other words,we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them.Our purpose is to fit them for life.Life is varied; so is education.As soon as we realize the fact,we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education.In some countries with advanced industries,they have free education for all.Under this system,people,no matter whether they are rich or poor,clever or foolish,have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges.They have for some time thought,by free education for all,they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation.But we can already see that free education for all is not enough.We find in such counties a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is “Iow"work.In fact,to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor.We can live without education,but we should die if none of us grew crops.If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our house,we should get terrible diseases in our towns.If there were no service people,because everyone was ashamed to do such work,the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework.On the other hand,if all the farmers were completely uneducated,their production would remain low.As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world,we would die if we did not have enough food.In fact,when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life,it means that all must be educated:firstly,to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability;secondly,to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is bad to be ashamed of one's own work or to look down upon someone else's;thirdly,to master all the necessary know-how(技能)to do one's job well.Only such education can be called valuable to society.问题17:Free education for all is not enough because _________.

Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Education is not an end,but a means to an end.In other words,we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them.Our purpose is to fit them for life.Life is varied; so is education.As soon as we realize the fact,we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education.In some countries with advanced industries,they have free education for all.Under this system,people,no matter whether they are rich or poor,clever or foolish,have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges.They have for some time thought,by free education for all,they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation.But we can already see that free education for all is not enough.We find in such counties a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is “Iow"work.In fact,to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor.We can live without education,but we should die if none of us grew crops.If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our house,we should get terrible diseases in our towns.If there were no service people,because everyone was ashamed to do such work,the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework.On the other hand,if all the farmers were completely uneducated,their production would remain low.As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world,we would die if we did not have enough food.In fact,when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life,it means that all must be educated:firstly,to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability;secondly,to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is bad to be ashamed of one's own work or to look down upon someone else's;thirdly,to master all the necessary know-how(技能)to do one's job well.Only such education can be called valuable to society.问题18:The work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as a professor because _________.

Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Education is not an end,but a means to an end.In other words,we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them.Our purpose is to fit them for life.Life is varied; so is education.As soon as we realize the fact,we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education.In some countries with advanced industries,they have free education for all.Under this system,people,no matter whether they are rich or poor,clever or foolish,have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges.They have for some time thought,by free education for all,they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation.But we can already see that free education for all is not enough.We find in such counties a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is “Iow"work.In fact,to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor.We can live without education,but we should die if none of us grew crops.If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our house,we should get terrible diseases in our towns.If there were no service people,because everyone was ashamed to do such work,the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework.On the other hand,if all the farmers were completely uneducated,their production would remain low.As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world,we would die if we did not have enough food.In fact,when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life,it means that all must be educated:firstly,to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability;secondly,to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is bad to be ashamed of one's own work or to look down upon someone else's;thirdly,to master all the necessary know-how(技能)to do one's job well.Only such education can be called valuable to society.问题19:All of us must be educated to understand or realize that _________.

Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Education is not an end,but a means to an end.In other words,we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them.Our purpose is to fit them for life.Life is varied; so is education.As soon as we realize the fact,we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education.In some countries with advanced industries,they have free education for all.Under this system,people,no matter whether they are rich or poor,clever or foolish,have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges.They have for some time thought,by free education for all,they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation.But we can already see that free education for all is not enough.We find in such counties a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is “Iow"work.In fact,to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor.We can live without education,but we should die if none of us grew crops.If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our house,we should get terrible diseases in our towns.If there were no service people,because everyone was ashamed to do such work,the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework.On the other hand,if all the farmers were completely uneducated,their production would remain low.As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world,we would die if we did not have enough food.In fact,when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life,it means that all must be educated:firstly,to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability;secondly,to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is bad to be ashamed of one's own work or to look down upon someone else's;thirdly,to master all the necessary know-how(技能)to do one's job well.Only such education can be called valuable to society.问题20:Education should be various because _________.