Passage1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the followingpassage.Much of thefiction written by American women in the twenty-first century can be termed"popular,"owing to its sustained engagement with an expansive but clearlydefined readership. Since the 1990s, popular women's fiction has been dominatedby "chick lit,"a term that has come to signify a particular brand of commercialfiction. In her article "Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Litand the Perversion of a Genre,"novelist Cris Mazza credits herself with inventingthe taxonomy in her capacity as co-editor of an anthology of new women'swriting. The stories in Chick Lit sought "not to embrace an old silly or coquettishimage of women but to take responsibility for our part in thedamaging,lingering stereotype." Mazza coined the term hoping that criticswould recognize its "ironic intention"; as she observes, the ironicinflection of the term evaporated with the inception of the "secondincarnation”of Chick Lit. It is this second incarnationthat became publishing phenomenon in the 1990s and continues to thrive in thetwenty-first century.Arguably, toneis the defining characteristic of the genre. The signature tone of chick lit ishumorous, irreverent, and journalistic. Many writers of chick lit novels begantheir careers as columnists and use their social commentaries as sourcematerial for their fictional worlds. Bridget Jones's Diary(1996)evolved fromBritish writer Helen Fielding's newspaper columns for the Independent and laterthe Daily Telegraph. Candace Bushnell's column "Sex and the City" providedthe material for her first novel and the hugely influential HBO television series(1998-2004).From itsinception, chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic throughits engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture. Over the pastdecade, chick lit has sprouted a variety of subgenres.Although commentators onthe genre regularly announce its decline, it continues to expand and attract awider range of women readers. The signature tone of chick lit is____

Passage1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the followingpassage.Much of thefiction written by American women in the twenty-first century can be termed"popular,"owing to its sustained engagement with an expansive but clearlydefined readership. Since the 1990s, popular women's fiction has been dominatedby "chick lit,"a term that has come to signify a particular brand of commercialfiction. In her article "Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Litand the Perversion of a Genre,"novelist Cris Mazza credits herself with inventingthe taxonomy in her capacity as co-editor of an anthology of new women'swriting. The stories in Chick Lit sought "not to embrace an old silly or coquettishimage of women but to take responsibility for our part in thedamaging,lingering stereotype." Mazza coined the term hoping that criticswould recognize its "ironic intention"; as she observes, the ironicinflection of the term evaporated with the inception of the "secondincarnation”of Chick Lit. It is this second incarnationthat became publishing phenomenon in the 1990s and continues to thrive in thetwenty-first century.Arguably, toneis the defining characteristic of the genre. The signature tone of chick lit ishumorous, irreverent, and journalistic. Many writers of chick lit novels begantheir careers as columnists and use their social commentaries as sourcematerial for their fictional worlds. Bridget Jones's Diary(1996)evolved fromBritish writer Helen Fielding's newspaper columns for the Independent and laterthe Daily Telegraph. Candace Bushnell's column "Sex and the City" providedthe material for her first novel and the hugely influential HBO television series(1998-2004).From itsinception, chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic throughits engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture. Over the pastdecade, chick lit has sprouted a variety of subgenres.Although commentators onthe genre regularly announce its decline, it continues to expand and attract awider range of women readers. Chick lit is widely enjoyed by____

Passage1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the followingpassage.Much of thefiction written by American women in the twenty-first century can be termed"popular,"owing to its sustained engagement with an expansive but clearlydefined readership. Since the 1990s, popular women's fiction has been dominatedby "chick lit,"a term that has come to signify a particular brand of commercialfiction. In her article "Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Litand the Perversion of a Genre,"novelist Cris Mazza credits herself with inventingthe taxonomy in her capacity as co-editor of an anthology of new women'swriting. The stories in Chick Lit sought "not to embrace an old silly or coquettishimage of women but to take responsibility for our part in thedamaging,lingering stereotype." Mazza coined the term hoping that criticswould recognize its "ironic intention"; as she observes, the ironicinflection of the term evaporated with the inception of the "secondincarnation”of Chick Lit. It is this second incarnationthat became publishing phenomenon in the 1990s and continues to thrive in thetwenty-first century.Arguably, toneis the defining characteristic of the genre. The signature tone of chick lit ishumorous, irreverent, and journalistic. Many writers of chick lit novels begantheir careers as columnists and use their social commentaries as sourcematerial for their fictional worlds. Bridget Jones's Diary(1996)evolved fromBritish writer Helen Fielding's newspaper columns for the Independent and laterthe Daily Telegraph. Candace Bushnell's column "Sex and the City" providedthe material for her first novel and the hugely influential HBO television series(1998-2004).From itsinception, chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic throughits engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture. Over the pastdecade, chick lit has sprouted a variety of subgenres.Although commentators onthe genre regularly announce its decline, it continues to expand and attract awider range of women readers. Chick lit is most likely to be concerned with____

Passage2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.I saw Jane lastnight for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached herhair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deepunhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought aboutmy future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought abouther past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about herlove-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me aboutthe drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-andI saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I sawhope, because at least I could give her that.We had met inthe second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I hadjust moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirkingfaces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see herArchie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, eventhough she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile.And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone toslurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and wewould sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling.In the summer,at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she wasthere and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leavesinto piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicoloredbed would break our fall.Only now, shehad fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, wehadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved outof the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much fartheraway from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through herwords I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She neededsupport in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendshipnow more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and thatit was okay to cry-so she did. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that Jane's misery might have been caused by____

Passage2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.I saw Jane lastnight for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached herhair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deepunhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought aboutmy future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought abouther past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about herlove-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me aboutthe drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-andI saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I sawhope, because at least I could give her that.We had met inthe second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I hadjust moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirkingfaces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see herArchie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, eventhough she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile.And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone toslurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and wewould sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling.In the summer,at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she wasthere and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leavesinto piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicoloredbed would break our fall.Only now, shehad fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, wehadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved outof the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much fartheraway from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through herwords I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She neededsupport in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendshipnow more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and thatit was okay to cry-so she did. The author of this passage asked to see Jane's comic book because____

Passage2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.I saw Jane lastnight for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached herhair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deepunhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought aboutmy future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought abouther past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about herlove-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me aboutthe drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-andI saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I sawhope, because at least I could give her that.We had met inthe second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I hadjust moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirkingfaces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see herArchie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, eventhough she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile.And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone toslurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and wewould sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling.In the summer,at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she wasthere and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leavesinto piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicoloredbed would break our fall.Only now, shehad fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, wehadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved outof the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much fartheraway from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through herwords I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She neededsupport in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendshipnow more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and thatit was okay to cry-so she did. The'multicolored bed'in Paragraph 3 refers to____

Passage2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.I saw Jane lastnight for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached herhair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deepunhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought aboutmy future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought abouther past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about herlove-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me aboutthe drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-andI saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I sawhope, because at least I could give her that.We had met inthe second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I hadjust moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirkingfaces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see herArchie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, eventhough she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile.And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone toslurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and wewould sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling.In the summer,at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she wasthere and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leavesinto piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicoloredbed would break our fall.Only now, shehad fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, wehadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved outof the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much fartheraway from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through herwords I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She neededsupport in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendshipnow more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and thatit was okay to cry-so she did. With the author's move to California, the friendship between the author and Jane____

Passage2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.I saw Jane lastnight for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached herhair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deepunhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought aboutmy future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought abouther past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about herlove-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me aboutthe drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-andI saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I sawhope, because at least I could give her that.We had met inthe second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I hadjust moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirkingfaces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see herArchie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, eventhough she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile.And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone toslurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and wewould sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling.In the summer,at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she wasthere and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leavesinto piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicoloredbed would break our fall.Only now, shehad fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, wehadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved outof the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much fartheraway from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through herwords I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She neededsupport in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendshipnow more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and thatit was okay to cry-so she did. The best title of this passage might be____

Passage3Questions 11 to 15 are based on thefollowing passage.Facebook, theWeb's most popular social networking site, has been caught in a content-rightsbattle after revealing that it was granting itself permanent rights to users'photos,wall posts and other information even after a user closed an account.Under firefrom tens of thousands of users Facebook posted a brief message on users' homepages that said it was returning to its previous"Terms of Use"policy.Member backlashagainst Facebook began after a consumer advocate website,The Consumerist,flagged a change made to Facebook's policy. Facebook deleted a sentence fromthe old Terms of Use. That sentence said Facebook could not claim any rights tooriginal content that a user uploaded once the user closed his or her account.The company replaced it with: "You may remove your User Content from theSite at any time. However, you acknowledge that the Company may retain archivedcopies of your User Content. "In response, Chris Walters,wrote in theConsumerist post, "Make sure you never upload anything you don't feelcomfortable giving away, because it's Facebook's now." Thousands of indignantmembers either canceled their accounts or created online petition.Among themwere more than 64,000 who joined a group called "The People Against thenew Terms of Service."Facebook ChiefExecutive Mark Zuckerberg tried to quell(平息)the controversyby saying the company's philosophy is that people own their information andcontrol who they share it with. But members were not appeased because the sitedid not fix its Terms of Use. The company, in its post, said it was returningto its previous Terms of Use because of the "feedback" it hadreceived."It was never our intention to confuse people or make them uneasyabout sharing on Facebook," company spokesman Barry Schnitt said in blogpost. " also want to be very clear that Facebook does not, nor have weever, claimed ownership over people's content. Your content belongs toyou." Schnitt said the company is in the process of rewording its Terms ofUse in "simple language that defines Facebook's rights much morespecifically." From Paragraph 1, we can infer that Facebook's new'Terms of Use'is____

Passage3Questions 11 to 15 are based on thefollowing passage.Facebook, theWeb's most popular social networking site, has been caught in a content-rightsbattle after revealing that it was granting itself permanent rights to users'photos,wall posts and other information even after a user closed an account.Under firefrom tens of thousands of users Facebook posted a brief message on users' homepages that said it was returning to its previous"Terms of Use"policy.Member backlashagainst Facebook began after a consumer advocate website,The Consumerist,flagged a change made to Facebook's policy. Facebook deleted a sentence fromthe old Terms of Use. That sentence said Facebook could not claim any rights tooriginal content that a user uploaded once the user closed his or her account.The company replaced it with: "You may remove your User Content from theSite at any time. However, you acknowledge that the Company may retain archivedcopies of your User Content. "In response, Chris Walters,wrote in theConsumerist post, "Make sure you never upload anything you don't feelcomfortable giving away, because it's Facebook's now." Thousands of indignantmembers either canceled their accounts or created online petition.Among themwere more than 64,000 who joined a group called "The People Against thenew Terms of Service."Facebook ChiefExecutive Mark Zuckerberg tried to quell(平息)the controversyby saying the company's philosophy is that people own their information andcontrol who they share it with. But members were not appeased because the sitedid not fix its Terms of Use. The company, in its post, said it was returningto its previous Terms of Use because of the "feedback" it hadreceived."It was never our intention to confuse people or make them uneasyabout sharing on Facebook," company spokesman Barry Schnitt said in blogpost. " also want to be very clear that Facebook does not, nor have weever, claimed ownership over people's content. Your content belongs toyou." Schnitt said the company is in the process of rewording its Terms ofUse in "simple language that defines Facebook's rights much morespecifically." By marking the change in Facebook's Terms of Use, The Consumerist meant to____