Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Much of the fiction written by American women in the twenty-first century can be termed "popular,"owing to its sustained engagement with an expansive but clearly defined readership. Since the 1990s, popular women's fiction has been dominated by "chick lit,"a term that has come to signify a particular brand of commercial fiction. In her article "Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Lit and the Perversion of a Genre,"novelist Cris Mazza credits herself with inventing the taxonomy in her capacity as co-editor of an anthology of new women's writing. The stories in Chick Lit sought "not to embrace an old silly or coquettish image of women but to take responsibility for our part in the damaging,lingering stereotype." Mazza coined the term hoping that critics would recognize its "ironic intention"; as she observes, the ironic inflection of the term evaporated with the inception of the "second incarnation”of Chick Lit. It is this second incarnation that became publishing phenomenon in the 1990s and continues to thrive in the twenty-first century. Arguably, tone is the defining characteristic of the genre. The signature tone of chick lit is humorous, irreverent, and journalistic. Many writers of chick lit novels began their careers as columnists and use their social commentaries as source material for their fictional worlds. Bridget Jones's Diary(1996)evolved from British writer Helen Fielding's newspaper columns for the Independent and later the Daily Telegraph. Candace Bushnell's column "Sex and the City" provided the material for her first novel and the hugely influential HBO television series(1998-2004). From its inception, chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic through its engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture. Over the past decade, chick lit has sprouted a variety of subgenres.Although commentators on the genre regularly announce its decline, it continues to expand and attract a wider range of women readers.  The signature tone of chick lit is____

Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Much of the fiction written by American women in the twenty-first century can be termed "popular,"owing to its sustained engagement with an expansive but clearly defined readership. Since the 1990s, popular women's fiction has been dominated by "chick lit,"a term that has come to signify a particular brand of commercial fiction. In her article "Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Lit and the Perversion of a Genre,"novelist Cris Mazza credits herself with inventing the taxonomy in her capacity as co-editor of an anthology of new women's writing. The stories in Chick Lit sought "not to embrace an old silly or coquettish image of women but to take responsibility for our part in the damaging,lingering stereotype." Mazza coined the term hoping that critics would recognize its "ironic intention"; as she observes, the ironic inflection of the term evaporated with the inception of the "second incarnation”of Chick Lit. It is this second incarnation that became publishing phenomenon in the 1990s and continues to thrive in the twenty-first century. Arguably, tone is the defining characteristic of the genre. The signature tone of chick lit is humorous, irreverent, and journalistic. Many writers of chick lit novels began their careers as columnists and use their social commentaries as source material for their fictional worlds. Bridget Jones's Diary(1996)evolved from British writer Helen Fielding's newspaper columns for the Independent and later the Daily Telegraph. Candace Bushnell's column "Sex and the City" provided the material for her first novel and the hugely influential HBO television series(1998-2004). From its inception, chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic through its engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture. Over the past decade, chick lit has sprouted a variety of subgenres.Although commentators on the genre regularly announce its decline, it continues to expand and attract a wider range of women readers.  Chick lit is widely enjoyed by____

Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Much of the fiction written by American women in the twenty-first century can be termed "popular,"owing to its sustained engagement with an expansive but clearly defined readership. Since the 1990s, popular women's fiction has been dominated by "chick lit,"a term that has come to signify a particular brand of commercial fiction. In her article "Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Lit and the Perversion of a Genre,"novelist Cris Mazza credits herself with inventing the taxonomy in her capacity as co-editor of an anthology of new women's writing. The stories in Chick Lit sought "not to embrace an old silly or coquettish image of women but to take responsibility for our part in the damaging,lingering stereotype." Mazza coined the term hoping that critics would recognize its "ironic intention"; as she observes, the ironic inflection of the term evaporated with the inception of the "second incarnation”of Chick Lit. It is this second incarnation that became publishing phenomenon in the 1990s and continues to thrive in the twenty-first century. Arguably, tone is the defining characteristic of the genre. The signature tone of chick lit is humorous, irreverent, and journalistic. Many writers of chick lit novels began their careers as columnists and use their social commentaries as source material for their fictional worlds. Bridget Jones's Diary(1996)evolved from British writer Helen Fielding's newspaper columns for the Independent and later the Daily Telegraph. Candace Bushnell's column "Sex and the City" provided the material for her first novel and the hugely influential HBO television series(1998-2004). From its inception, chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic through its engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture. Over the past decade, chick lit has sprouted a variety of subgenres.Although commentators on the genre regularly announce its decline, it continues to expand and attract a wider range of women readers.  Chick lit is most likely to be concerned with____

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. I saw Jane last night for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached her hair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deep unhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought about my future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought about her past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about her love-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me about the drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-and I saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I saw hope, because at least I could give her that. We had met in the second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I had just moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirking faces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see her Archie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, even though she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile. And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone to slurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and we would sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling. In the summer, at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she was there and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leaves into piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicolored bed would break our fall. Only now, she had fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, we hadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved out of the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much farther away from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through her words I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She needed support in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendship now more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and that it was okay to cry-so she did.  It is implied in Paragraph 1 that Jane's misery might have been caused by____

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. I saw Jane last night for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached her hair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deep unhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought about my future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought about her past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about her love-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me about the drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-and I saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I saw hope, because at least I could give her that. We had met in the second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I had just moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirking faces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see her Archie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, even though she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile. And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone to slurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and we would sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling. In the summer, at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she was there and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leaves into piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicolored bed would break our fall. Only now, she had fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, we hadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved out of the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much farther away from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through her words I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She needed support in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendship now more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and that it was okay to cry-so she did.  The author of this passage asked to see Jane's comic book because____

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. I saw Jane last night for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached her hair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deep unhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought about my future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought about her past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about her love-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me about the drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-and I saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I saw hope, because at least I could give her that. We had met in the second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I had just moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirking faces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see her Archie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, even though she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile. And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone to slurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and we would sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling. In the summer, at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she was there and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leaves into piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicolored bed would break our fall. Only now, she had fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, we hadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved out of the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much farther away from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through her words I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She needed support in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendship now more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and that it was okay to cry-so she did.  The'multicolored bed'in Paragraph 3 refers to____

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. I saw Jane last night for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached her hair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deep unhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought about my future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought about her past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about her love-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me about the drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-and I saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I saw hope, because at least I could give her that. We had met in the second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I had just moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirking faces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see her Archie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, even though she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile. And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone to slurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and we would sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling. In the summer, at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she was there and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leaves into piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicolored bed would break our fall. Only now, she had fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, we hadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved out of the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much farther away from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through her words I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She needed support in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendship now more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and that it was okay to cry-so she did.  With the author's move to California, the friendship between the author and Jane____

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. I saw Jane last night for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached her hair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deep unhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought about my future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought about her past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about her love-and I saw dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me about the drugs-and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals-and I saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend-and I saw hope, because at least I could give her that. We had met in the second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I had just moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirking faces outside the foreboding of my new school. asked her if Icould see her Archie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, even though she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile. And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone to slurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and we would sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling. In the summer, at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she was there and that it was okay to cry-so I did. In the fall, we raked the leaves into piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicolored bed would break our fall. Only now, she had fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, we hadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California, she had moved out of the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much farther away from each other than the continent she had just traversed.Through her words I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She needed support in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendship now more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and that it was okay to cry-so she did.  The best title of this passage might be____

Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Facebook, the Web's most popular social networking site, has been caught in a content-rights battle after revealing that it was granting itself permanent rights to users'photos, wall posts and other information even after a user closed an account.Under fire from tens of thousands of users Facebook posted a brief message on users' home pages that said it was returning to its previous"Terms of Use"policy. Member backlash against Facebook began after a consumer advocate website,The Consumerist, flagged a change made to Facebook's policy. Facebook deleted a sentence from the old Terms of Use. That sentence said Facebook could not claim any rights to original content that a user uploaded once the user closed his or her account. The company replaced it with: "You may remove your User Content from the Site at any time. However, you acknowledge that the Company may retain archived copies of your User Content. "In response, Chris Walters,wrote in the Consumerist post, "Make sure you never upload anything you don't feel comfortable giving away, because it's Facebook's now." Thousands of indignant members either canceled their accounts or created online petition.Among them were more than 64,000 who joined a group called "The People Against the new Terms of Service." Facebook Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg tried to quell(平息)the controversy by saying the company's philosophy is that people own their information and control who they share it with. But members were not appeased because the site did not fix its Terms of Use. The company, in its post, said it was returning to its previous Terms of Use because of the "feedback" it had received."It was never our intention to confuse people or make them uneasy about sharing on Facebook," company spokesman Barry Schnitt said in blog post. " also want to be very clear that Facebook does not, nor have we ever, claimed ownership over people's content. Your content belongs to you." Schnitt said the company is in the process of rewording its Terms of Use in "simple language that defines Facebook's rights much more specifically."  From Paragraph 1, we can infer that Facebook's new'Terms of Use'is____

Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Facebook, the Web's most popular social networking site, has been caught in a content-rights battle after revealing that it was granting itself permanent rights to users'photos, wall posts and other information even after a user closed an account.Under fire from tens of thousands of users Facebook posted a brief message on users' home pages that said it was returning to its previous"Terms of Use"policy. Member backlash against Facebook began after a consumer advocate website,The Consumerist, flagged a change made to Facebook's policy. Facebook deleted a sentence from the old Terms of Use. That sentence said Facebook could not claim any rights to original content that a user uploaded once the user closed his or her account. The company replaced it with: "You may remove your User Content from the Site at any time. However, you acknowledge that the Company may retain archived copies of your User Content. "In response, Chris Walters,wrote in the Consumerist post, "Make sure you never upload anything you don't feel comfortable giving away, because it's Facebook's now." Thousands of indignant members either canceled their accounts or created online petition.Among them were more than 64,000 who joined a group called "The People Against the new Terms of Service." Facebook Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg tried to quell(平息)the controversy by saying the company's philosophy is that people own their information and control who they share it with. But members were not appeased because the site did not fix its Terms of Use. The company, in its post, said it was returning to its previous Terms of Use because of the "feedback" it had received."It was never our intention to confuse people or make them uneasy about sharing on Facebook," company spokesman Barry Schnitt said in blog post. " also want to be very clear that Facebook does not, nor have we ever, claimed ownership over people's content. Your content belongs to you." Schnitt said the company is in the process of rewording its Terms of Use in "simple language that defines Facebook's rights much more specifically."  By marking the change in Facebook's Terms of Use, The Consumerist meant to____