The term"flying saucer" refers to strange objects travelling through the earth's atmosphere at very high speeds. Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them. Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets. Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth. Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature Jight, or weather conditions. All reports, however, agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing (逆转)direction instantly without slowing down.In the United States,the first flying saucers were reported on June 4,1947,by a private plane pilot. He saw nine objects travelling in the sky. Each was disk-shaped and very bright. Because their movements were compared to those of a"saucer skimming across the water". newspaper reporters called them "flying saucers".Some weeks after the first reported sighting,the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers. Because of the confusing variely of shapes,sizes,and colors reported, the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects(UFO) to describe them.Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers, they have identified most of the objects as stars, planes, man-made satellites,experimental missiles(导弹)，or weather phenomena. Some of the UFO reports, including photographs, were deliberate (蓄意的)tricks made to cheat people.All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth. Most investigators agree• however, that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.The Air Force preferred the term UFO because ______.

People have thought very differently about children in different historical eras. In ancient Rome and throughout the Middle Ages, for example, childhood was brief： A boy or girl was considered an "infant" until the age of six, but soon afterward worked alongside adults in the fields, in the workshops, or at home. Children were thought to be born in a state of sin and were viewed as the property of their fathers. Such beliefs contributed to strict discipline of children and neglect of their special needs.These harsh attitudes softened during the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the humanistic spirit of the times caused a rediscovery of the special qualities of childhood. In paintings, for example. young children were depicted as playing and doing other childish things, rather than being shown as miniature adults. The importance of childhood as a unique period of development was understood more fully in the 17th and 18th centuries, as reflected in the writings of two important European thinkers： the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau. John Locke argued that the newborn infant comes into the world with no inherited predispositions （天性），but rather with a mind as a "blank slate" that is gradually filled with ideas, concepts, and knowledge from experiences in the world. He concluded that the quality of early experiences, particularly how children are raised and educated, shapes the direction of a child's life. Later, Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that children at birtli are innately good rather than evil, and that their natural tendencies should be protected against the corrupting influences of society. Rousseau's attitude had an important influence on society, and inspired, for example, the novelists Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo.who decried（揭露）the exploitation of child labor and highlighted the need for educational and social reform.The author cites the example the two European thinkers' writings to show that ______.

Miller's Theatre and Miller's Ideas Miller uses the techniques of the modern theatre to the full. He is not satisfied with simply employing the devices of lights and sound as an addition to the acting,but indicates in the stage directions of his plays precisely when a particular form of lighting or piece of sound is to be used. This is a deliberate attempt to make the theatre as a whole , not merely the actors , express the messages of the play . Mechanical devices assume , then , a symbolic significance-they represent an essential meaning or idea in the play in physical terms . They express a meaning - hence the term "expressionist" is often used to describe Miller as a dramatist. Miller was writing for a middle-class audience. His plays were performed on Broadway, the center of New York's theatrical and cultural life, and in Landon's West End. Therefore they reached only a small proportion of the population . Miller uses this fact ( that the plays reached a relatively small proportion of the population) to advantage in Death of a Salesman, where he examines American middle-class ideas and beliefs. He was able to place before his audience Willy Loman, a man who shared many of their ideals, ones which have been summed up by the phrase "the American Dream". The American Dream is a combination of beliefs in the unity of the family, the healthiness of competition in society, the need for success and money, and the view that America is the great land in which free opportunity for all exists.Some of these are connected: America seemed at one stage in history to offer alternatives to the European way of life; she seemed to be the New World,vast , having plenty of land and riches for all of its people , all of whom could share in the wealth of the nation. America was a land of opportunity. This belief is still apparent, even in twentieth-century America, with its large urban population, and Miller uses it in his plays, in order to state something significant about American society. In such a land, where all people have a great deal of opportunity, success should come fairly easily, so an unsuccessful man could feel bitter about his failure, excluded as he was from the success around him. To become successful in the American Dream means to believe in competition,to reach the top as quickly as possible by proving oneself better than others. Success is judged by the amount of wealth which can be acquired by an individual. Success is external and visible, shown in material wealth and encouraged . Money and success mean stability ; and stability can be seen in the family unit. The family is a guideline to success. It also provides emotional stability , and a good family shares its hopes and beliefs . These ideas should always be kept in mind when Death of a Salesman is considered. Another point to consider is Miller's conception of what the theatre should do . He is both a social dramatist . As a psychological dramatist he studies character, the motives and reasons behind the behavior of individuals , and presents them to his audiences so that his individual characters become convincingly alive,Often, these people are ordinary, everyday types,but ones whose actions are made significant by the dramatist.For example, the lives of ordinary citizens going about their daily business in their homes may not obviously appear interesting, but the dramatist can indicate that their daily lives are important, that they are interesting or unusual as people and that the audience may see their own situations and psychological states reflected in the characters the dramatist has created. Death of a Salesman is a good example of this. Of course, all dramatists and novelists try to make the actions of their characters relevant to other people, and most analyze closely the minds of the characters they have created in order to establish what makes them function as individuals. Where Miller differs from many of the others is in the type of person that he has created. Most of his heroes are ordinary people: they do not seem to be different from anyone who can be met in any street; and this, it might be argued, adds force to his plays,since none of the characters are remote-we share their feelings, and understand their difficulties. Also, Miller is able to show that everyday people can rise above the ordinary when challenged. Miller is a social dramatist in the sense that Death of a Salesman comments on the nature of society. Miller is concerned about society and the values which it holds. This means that Miller has often been regarded as an ally of the American Left, wishing to challenge the values of society, showing those values as worthless, and suggesting that a change may be necessary. Drama can expose the ills of society, make people aware there is something wrong with the system. Linked with Miller's attitude to society is his treatment of the middle class in the play. He was writing for the middle class as well as about them. And, at the time he was writing Death of a Salesman the ideals and way of life of the middle class in America were declining. People were not as stable financially because of the depression and then the 1939-45War, and so their way of life seemed to be challenged. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)according to the information given in the text. ( )2. According to the text, one tends to feel bitter when he fails because failure is a matter of shame.

Nancy Reagan:He was the Eternal Optimist I think they broke the mold(创新）when they made Ronnie. He was a man of strong principles and integrity(正直）。 He had absolutely no ego, and he was very comfortable in his own skin(处在自己的位置或角度）；therefore, he didn't feel he ever had to prove anything to anyone.He said what he thought and believed. He could move from being a sportscaster to moving pictures and TV,to being Governor of the largest state in the country for eight years and then to being President for eight years,and somehow remain the same wonderful man. Perhaps this was helped by his strong, unshakable religious beliefs. Ronnie always believed that God has a plan for each of us and that we might not know what it is now, but eventually we will. He never took off or landed in a plane without looking out the window and saying a silent prayer. I don't think many people knew this. He was the eternal optimist(永恒的乐观主义者）－the glass was always half full, not half empty. I think his faith and his comfort with himself accounts for that optimism.Since he felt that everything happens for a reason, he never saw things darkly.After he was shot and we almost lost him, he lay on his hospital bed staring at the ceiling and preying.He told me that he realized he could not pray just for himself,that it wouldn't be right,and that he also had to pray for John Hinckley(试图刺杀里根的刺客）。Hinckley's parents sent him a note and he wrote a nice one back to them. Later,Cardinal(大主教）Cooke visited Ronnie in the White House and said,"God was certainly siting on your shoulder that day."Ronnie replied,“Yes,l know,and I made up my mind that all the days I have left belong to Him." Ronnie was a very private man but also gregarious(随和的），and he loved seeing and meeting people. After being married to him for 52 years,l have so many memories. He was very sentimental and romantic and tender.On my birthday, he always sent my mother flowers to thank her for having me,and he wrote me beautiful,touching letters when we had to be apart. Some time ago,he went for a walk and passed a house with roses in front. He bent over to pick one,and the Secret Service agent(便衣保镖）reminded him it wasn't his house. He looked stricken and said,“But I want to give it to my lady."He picked it and brought it home to me. You cannot talk about Ronnie without mentioning his wonderful sense of humor. I think he could tell stories all day without repeating himself-a joy for people with him,but he also made use of it politically. If things got a little heated and tense,he would break the tension with a story(打破僵局）。By the time he ended,the mood would have changed,and they got on with the business with no rancor(敌意）。 Ronnie always told his children,“If you go into a store and feel that the clerk is being rude,stop and think that she may have had a tough day,and put yourself in her shoes."I remember that he told his son,“A gentleman always does the kind thing."Yes,Ronnie could be stubborn-but always with a smile. He was deeply guided by the principle that the Soviet system was wrong. It made a tremendous impression when we went to Berlin and stood on a balcony to see the other side,There was not a soul on the street,and we thought how eerie(令人迷惑不解的）and disturbing that was.When we went to Checkpoint Charlie,and Ronnie was shown the line that people couldn't cross,he took his foot and put it over the line. He felt it was important to assert what was right. He got very stubborn and even mad when his advisers would take out a line he really believed from a speech. It was on that trip that he stood in front of the Berlin Wall and said,"Mr. Gorbachev,tear down this wall!” Ronnie felt this was his greatest accomplishment-finding a safe ending to the cold war.And his other great legacy,he felt,was giving our country back its optimism. At our last Kennedy Center Honors show,Walter Cronkite went back onstage at the end and brought out all the cast,performers and crew to salute us. By this time,the aisles(过道）were filled with ushers,and he gave a very touching tribute(颂词）。The audience then turned,faced us and sang Auld Lang Syne(友谊地久天长）。I had dissolved into tears by that time.But Ronnie called down,“Beats getting an Oscar."Only Ronnie could do that. When we were leaving the White House for the last time and walking toward the helicopter,he turned to me with his heartwarming grin. “Well, it's been a wonderful eight years,” he said. “All in all,not bad. Not bad at all. ” Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the information given in the text. （ ) 1. Reagan used to be a broadcaster, an actor and a state governor before he assumed office in the White House.

United Nations In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U. N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the peoples whose governments joined together to form the U.N "We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge(灾难）of war,which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution(建立）of methods,that armed forces shall not be used,save(除了）in the common interest,and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples,have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims." The name"United Nations"is accredited to(归功于）U.S.President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent(目的）on New Year's Day in1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. Their proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference,signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified(签署，认可）by China,France,the U.S.S.R.,the U.K.and the U.S.and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day . The essential functions of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security , to develop friendly relations among nations , to cooperate inter-nationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a center for coordinating the actions of nations in attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over(优于）another in the U.N.Each member's rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes,and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U.N.has no right to intervene(干涉）in any state's internal affairs,it tries to ensure that non-member states act according to its principles of international peace and security. U. N. members must offer every assistance in an approved U.N.action and in no way assist states against which the U. is taking preventive or enforcement action. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the information given in the text. 1. The first stated aim of the U.N. was to prevent a third world war .

The Story of the Bible Five thousand years ago a story, which told of the creation of this world in seven days was common among all the people of western Asia. And this was the Jewish version of it. They vaguely attributed the making of the land and of the sea and of the trees and the flowers and the birds and of man and woman to their different gods. But it happened that the Jews were the first among all people to recognize the existence of One Single God. Afterwards, when we come to talk of the days of Moses, we shall tell you how this came about. In the beginning, however, the particular Semitic tribe, which later was to develop into the Jewish nation, worshipped several divinities, just as all their neighbours had done before them for countless ages. The stories of the creation, however, which we find in the Old Testament, were written more than a thousand years after the death of Moses, when the idea of One god had been accepted by the Jews as an absolutely established fact, and when doubt of His Existence meant exile or death. You will now understand how the poet who gave unto the Hebrew people their final version of the beginning of all things, came to describe the gigantic labour of creation as the sudden expression of one single and all-mighty will, and as the work of their own tribal God, whom they called Jehovah, or the Ruler of the High Heavens. And this is how the story was told to worshippers in the temple. In the beginning, this earth floated through space in somber silence and darkness. There was no land, but the endless waters of the deep ocean covered our vast empires. Then the Spirit of Jehovah came brooding over the sea, contemplating mighty things. And Jehovah said: “here be light,” and the first rays of dawn appeared amidst the darkness. “This,” Jehovah said. “I shall call the Day.” But soon the flickering light came to an end and all was as it had been before. “And this,” Jehovah said, “shall be called the Night.” Then he rested from his labours, and so ended the first of all days. Then Jehovah said: “Let there be a heaven, which shall spread its vast dome across the waters below, that there may be a place for the clouds and for the winds which blow across the sea.” This was done. Once more there was an evening and a morning, and there was and end to the second day. Then Jehovah said: “Let there be land amidst the waters.” At once the rugged mountains showed their dripping heads above the surface of the ocean, and soon they arose mightily towards the high Heavens and at their feet the plains and the valleys spread far and wide. Then Jehovah said: “Let the land be fertile with plants which bear seeds, and with trees that bear flowers and fruit.” And the earth was green with a soft carpet of grass, and the trees and the shrubs enjoyed the soft caress of the early dawn. And once more the morning was followed by eventide , and so the labour of the third day came to an end. Then Jehovah said: “Let the Heavens be filled with stars that the seasons and the days and the years may be marked. And let the day be ruled by the sun, but the night shall be a time of rest, when only the silent moon shall show the belated wanderer across the desert the true road to shelter.” This too was done, and so ended the fourth day. Then Jehovah said: “ Let the water be full of fishes and the sky be full of birds.” And he made the mighty whale and the tiny minnows and the ostrich and the sparrow, and he gave them the earth and the ocean as their dwelling place and told them to increase, that they and little minnows and little whales and ostriches and sparrows might enjoy the blessings of life. And that night, when the birds tucked their tired heads underneath their wings and when the fishes steered into the darkness of the deep sea, there was an end to the fifth day. Then Jehovah said: “It is not enough, Let the would also be full of creatures that creep and such as walk on legs.” And he made the cows and the tigers and all the beasts we know unto this earth. And when this was done, Jehovah took some of the dust of the soil, and he moulded it into and image, resembling Himself, and he gave it life, and he called it man, and he placed it at the head of all creations. So ended the labour of the sixth day, and Jehovah was contented with what he had wrought and on the seventh day he rested from his work. Then came the eighth day, and Man found himself amidst his now kingdom. His name was Adam, and he lived in a garden filled with lovely flowers, and with peaceful animals who came and brought their kittens and their puppies, so that he might play with them and forget his loneliness. But even so, Man was not happy. For all other creatures had been given the companionship of their own kind, but Man was alone. Therefore, Jehovah took a rib from Adam’s body and out of it created Eve. Then Adam and Eve wandered forth to explore their home, which was called Paradise. At last they came to a mighty tree and there Jehovah spoke to them and said: “Listen, for this is very important. Of the fruit of all the trees in this garden you may eat to your hearts’ content. But this is the tee that gives forth the knowledge of Good and Evil. When Man eats the fruit from this tree, he begins to understand the righteousness or the wickedness of his own acts. That means an end to all peace of his soul. Therefore, you must leave the fruit of this tree alone, or accept the consequences, which are very terrible.” Adam and Eve listened and promised that they would obey. Soon afterwards, Adam fell asleep, but Eve remained awake and began to wonder. Suddenly there was a rustling in the grass, and behold! There was a crafty old serpent. In those days the animals spoke a language which could be understood by man, and so the serpent had no difficulty in telling Eve how he had overheard the words of Jehovah, and how foolish she would be if she were to take them seriously. Eve thought so too. When the serpent handed her the fruit of the tree, she ate some, and when Adam woke up, she gave him what was left. Then Jehovah was very angry. At once he drove both Adam and Eve from Paradise, and they went forth into the world to make a living as best they could. In due course of time they had two children. They were both boys. The name of the elder was Cain, but the younger was called Abel. They made themselves useful about the house. Cain worked in the fields and Abel tended his father’s sheep. Of course they quarreled as brothers are apt to quarrel. One day, they both brought offerings to Jehovah. Abel had killed a lamb, and Cain had placed some grain upon the rude stone altar which they had built as a place for worship. Children are apt to be jealous of each other, and they like to brag about their own virtues. The wood on Able’ s altar was burning merrily, but Cain had trouble with his flint. Cain thought that Abel was laughing at him. Abel said no, he was just standing by and looking on. Cain asked him to go away. Abel said no, why should he? Then Cain hit Abel, and killed him. Cain was terribly frightened and ran away. But Jehovah, who knew what had happened, found him hiding in some bushes. He asked him where his brother was. Cain, in a surly mood, would not answer. How should he know? He was not supposed to be looking after his brother, was he? But of course, this lie did not do him any good. Just as Jehovah had driven Adam and Eve from Paradise because they had disobeyed his will, so he now forced Cain to run away from home, and although he lived for many years, his father and mother never saw him again. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the information given in the text. 1.The Jews believed that the land,the sea,the trees and flowers,the birds,and man and woman were created by One Single God.

Attitude is Everything 　　Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When someone would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, "If I were any better, I would be twins!" 　　He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation. 　　Seeing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to Jerry and asked him, "I don't get it! You can't be a positive person all of the time. How do you do it?" Jerry replied," Each morning I wake up and say to myself, Jerry, you have two choices today. You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, clan choose to accept their complaining or I can point out the positive side of life. I choose the positive side of life." 　　"Yeah, right, it's not that easy," I protested. 　　"Yes it is," Jerry said. "Life is all about choices. When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice. You choose how you react to situations. You choose how people will affect your mood. You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood. The bottom line= It's your choice how you live life." 　　I reflected on what Jerry said. Soon thereafter, I left the restaurant industry to start my own business. We lost touch, but I often thought about him when I made a choice about life instead of reacting to it. 　　Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in a restaurant business; he left the back door open one morning and was held up （拦劫） at gunpoint by three armed robbers. While trying to open the safe （保险柜）, his hand, shaking from nervousness, slipped off the combination （暗码锁）. The robbers panicked and shot him. 　　Luckily, Jerry was found relatively quickly and rushed to the local trauma （外伤） center. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, Jerry was released from the hospital with fragments of the bullets still in his body. 　　I saw Jerry about six months after the accident. When I asked him how he was, he replied, “lf I were any better, I'd be twins. Want to see my scars?” 　　I declined to see his wounds, but did ask him what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place. 　　"The first thing that went through my mind was that I should have locked the back door," Jerry replied. "Then, as I lay on the floor, I remembered that I had two choices_. I could choose to live, or I could choose to die. I chose to live." 　　"Weren't you scared? Did you lose consciousness?" I asked. 　　Jerry continued, "The paramedics （护理人员 ） were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they wheeled me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really scared. In their eyes, I read, ‘He's a dead man.’I knew I needed to take action." 　　"What did you do?" I asked. 　　"Well, there was a big, burly （魁伟的、结实的） nurse shouting questions at me," said Jerry. "She asked if 1 was allergic （过敏的） to anything. “Yes,” I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply; I took a deep breath and yelled, ‘Bullets!’ Over their laughter, I told them, ‘I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.’" 　　Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude. I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. 　　Attitude, after all, is everything 　　Decide the answer that best completes the following statements according to the information provided in the text. 5. The title of this passage is intended to convey the message that

Attitude is Everything 　　Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When someone would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, "If I were any better, I would be twins!" 　　He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation. 　　Seeing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to Jerry and asked him, "I don't get it! You can't be a positive person all of the time. How do you do it?" Jerry replied," Each morning I wake up and say to myself, Jerry, you have two choices today. You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, clan choose to accept their complaining or I can point out the positive side of life. I choose the positive side of life." 　　"Yeah, right, it's not that easy," I protested. 　　"Yes it is," Jerry said. "Life is all about choices. When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice. You choose how you react to situations. You choose how people will affect your mood. You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood. The bottom line= It's your choice how you live life." 　　I reflected on what Jerry said. Soon thereafter, I left the restaurant industry to start my own business. We lost touch, but I often thought about him when I made a choice about life instead of reacting to it. 　　Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in a restaurant business; he left the back door open one morning and was held up （拦劫） at gunpoint by three armed robbers. While trying to open the safe （保险柜）, his hand, shaking from nervousness, slipped off the combination （暗码锁）. The robbers panicked and shot him. 　　Luckily, Jerry was found relatively quickly and rushed to the local trauma （外伤） center. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, Jerry was released from the hospital with fragments of the bullets still in his body. 　　I saw Jerry about six months after the accident. When I asked him how he was, he replied, “lf I were any better, I'd be twins. Want to see my scars?” 　　I declined to see his wounds, but did ask him what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place. 　　"The first thing that went through my mind was that I should have locked the back door," Jerry replied. "Then, as I lay on the floor, I remembered that I had two choices_. I could choose to live, or I could choose to die. I chose to live." 　　"Weren't you scared? Did you lose consciousness?" I asked. 　　Jerry continued, "The paramedics （护理人员 ） were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they wheeled me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really scared. In their eyes, I read, ‘He's a dead man.’I knew I needed to take action." 　　"What did you do?" I asked. 　　"Well, there was a big, burly （魁伟的、结实的） nurse shouting questions at me," said Jerry. "She asked if 1 was allergic （过敏的） to anything. “Yes,” I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply; I took a deep breath and yelled, ‘Bullets!’ Over their laughter, I told them, ‘I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.’" 　　Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude. I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. 　　Attitude, after all, is everything 　　Decide the answer that best completes the following statements according to the information provided in the text. 4. Jerry survived not only because of the skills of his doctors, but also of his amazing attitude.

Alcatraz Island, sometimes referred to as the Rock, is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It served as a lighthouse, then a military fortification （要塞）,then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963. It became a national recreation area in 1972. Today, the island is a historic site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to tourists.The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with the understanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it. Later that same year John C. Fremont bought the island for $ 5,000 in the name of the United States government. When California became part of the United States in 1848, the U. S. Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay. Later, the army decided to turn it into the site of detention (拘禁)，a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation. In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built • and in 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility for military prisoners. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western US Military Prison.Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, dangerous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was a large cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity. The island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz), James Bulger and Alvin Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families, and no prisoner had ever successfully escaped from the island.Alcatraz Island began to house civilian prisoners in ______.

Enthusiasm leads to success 　　We have all had to work and do things that we did not especially enjoy. Usually, some chirpy（活泼的）person would tell us to be more enthusiastic. “You’ll have more fun,” they would say. Well, they were partly right. Being enthusiastic about something means being excited about a given project. Enthusiasm entails having a strong interest in the task at hand. If you decided to learn a new language, which is not easy by any account, you would have to dedicate yourself wholehearted to the cause. Anything less would result in failure. 　　What is real enthusiasm? In your quest for success, enthusiasm means that you believe deeply in what the company is doing. You also believe that your job is important and contributes to the cause. It means that you’re willing to work your butt off（努力做某事）to achieve the company’s goals. Real enthusiasm is when you leap out of bed in the morning and attack your day with gusto（热忱）. You have zeal for the work you do and the people you work with. This pushes you to improve and become a better person. Enthusiasm means that you are stimulated by your work, and are able to find new challenges and keep growing professionally. Furthermore, most jobs have some elements that are less fun and more difficult to carry out. This is where passion really comes into play. When you love what you do, it isn’t too difficult to get psyched up and get the job done. The hard part is performing equally well in those less interesting tasks. 　　Passion helps you get ahead. Enthusiasm about a job or project usually translates into positive energy. That is, if you are excited about a project, you will be anxious to get started and get results. The mere fact of looking forward to your work will help make you more productive and effective. You will plan more effectively and pay careful attention to detail. You will carry out your plan more carefully and aim for the best results possible. Another important point is that passionate people are usually those that are thrust into positions of leadership. A leader must have zest if people are to follow him and achieve the corporate mission. A leader must inspire his troops. To inspire them, he needs to exude enthusiasm. In leaders, this translates into charisma（领袖人物的超凡魅力）. Being fervent about your work shows a willingness to do more and learn more. This will definitely help you stand out from the crowed and get to management’s attention. Increasing your enthusiasm. Most men aren’t born great－they become great. Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work. However, do not despair; there are ways to become more passionate. One good way to boost your gusto is by reading about successful people, it will help you realize that you too can make it happen. Reading about real success stories often illustrates that people much like yourself have become business leaders. In most cases, they all share one trait: enthusiasm. If you want to succeed, you should be excited about your work, your life and your co-workers. Decide the answer that best completes the following statements according to the information provided in the text. 　　2. Enthusiasm about a job or project means the following EXCEPT that you ( ).