An insistence that Europe and Japan create a “level playing field” for trade by agreeing to give US exporters the same access to their markets as foreign companies receive in the United States. This push to expand US manufacturing exports is considered politically essential to fulfill President Bill Clinton' s campaign promise of more“high-wage, high-skill" jobs for Americans. A willingness to impose sanctions on major trading partners to reduce trade barriers abroad, with less patience for drawn-out negotiations. Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world' s fragile economies.Thus , the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to“protectionism”. In what way could this push help "fulfill President Bill Clinton's campaign promise" ?

An insistence that Europe and Japan create a “level playing field” for trade by agreeing to give US exporters the same access to their markets as foreign companies receive in the United States. This push to expand US manufacturing exports is considered politically essential to fulfill President Bill Clinton' s campaign promise of more“high-wage, high-skill" jobs for Americans. A willingness to impose sanctions on major trading partners to reduce trade barriers abroad, with less patience for drawn-out negotiations. Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world' s fragile economies.Thus , the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to“protectionism”. Why would the administration not be deferred from exercising the more aggressive policy?

Passage 1 Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all their export earnings to debt service, leaving themselves with virtually no surplus to pay for imports. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors. But countertrade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yottie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations.Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use countertrade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.” How can nations with serious debt problems benefit from barter?

Passage 1 Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all their export earnings to debt service, leaving themselves with virtually no surplus to pay for imports. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors. But countertrade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yottie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations.Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use countertrade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.” What does “global firms” refer to?

Passage 1 Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all their export earnings to debt service, leaving themselves with virtually no surplus to pay for imports. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors. But countertrade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yottie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations.Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use countertrade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.” What’s meant by “tap the networks of global firms” ?

While exports are reasonably robust,domestic consumption remains moribund-a sign of the country's common anxiety about the future. ( )

As Europe's economy has soured,free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges. ( )

If the political will to continue moving forward fails,we can anticipate more strains in the marriage contract that ultimately would strike at what we've accomplished. ( )

The world's second largest economy,Japan,has been languishing for nearly a decade,after the boom of the early 1980s collapsed. ( )

It requires the return of excess revenue to taxpayers when state revenue exceeds the amount forecast at the start of a budget period by more than 2 percent.( )