Passage TwoDo you go to bed without brushing your teeth? You may think that not brushing is not a big deal. But caring for your mouth can prevent serious (and even embarrassing) problems.Cavities happen to just about everyone. A cavity is a diseased spot in the tooth. It all starts with a sticky film made up of bacteria. That film coats your teeth and gums. The bacteria eat sugars from things you eat and drink. That produces acids. Then, the acids eat away at your teeth's hard outer coating, called enamel.If you don't brush regularly to remove the film, or if you keep missing a spot, those acids keep eating away the teeth's enamel. That is how you get a cavity. "The larger it gets, the closer it gets to the nerve, increasing the chance of severe pain," says Lynn Ramer, president of the American Dentists' Association.A cavity will never just go away by itself. It will only get worse. "Left untreated, 100 percent of the time a cavity will spread," says Dr. William Berlocher, a dentist who is also president of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.If a cavity is caught early enough, your dentist will be able to fix your tooth. The area of the tooth where the cavity was will be replaced with a special material called a filling. Some fillings are made of a metal blend containing silver. Other fillings are a tooth-colored mix of glass and a strong material called resin.If you ignore a cavity, it will spread. It can go into the tooth's root. At that point, the dentist will have to do a root canal. In that procedure, the dentist removes the tooth's nerve.According to the second paragraph, what is a cavity?

Passage TwoDo you go to bed without brushing your teeth? You may think that not brushing is not a big deal. But caring for your mouth can prevent serious (and even embarrassing) problems.Cavities happen to just about everyone. A cavity is a diseased spot in the tooth. It all starts with a sticky film made up of bacteria. That film coats your teeth and gums. The bacteria eat sugars from things you eat and drink. That produces acids. Then, the acids eat away at your teeth's hard outer coating, called enamel.If you don't brush regularly to remove the film, or if you keep missing a spot, those acids keep eating away the teeth's enamel. That is how you get a cavity. "The larger it gets, the closer it gets to the nerve, increasing the chance of severe pain," says Lynn Ramer, president of the American Dentists' Association.A cavity will never just go away by itself. It will only get worse. "Left untreated, 100 percent of the time a cavity will spread," says Dr. William Berlocher, a dentist who is also president of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.If a cavity is caught early enough, your dentist will be able to fix your tooth. The area of the tooth where the cavity was will be replaced with a special material called a filling. Some fillings are made of a metal blend containing silver. Other fillings are a tooth-colored mix of glass and a strong material called resin.If you ignore a cavity, it will spread. It can go into the tooth's root. At that point, the dentist will have to do a root canal. In that procedure, the dentist removes the tooth's nerve.What would happen if you do not brush regularly?

Passage TwoDo you go to bed without brushing your teeth? You may think that not brushing is not a big deal. But caring for your mouth can prevent serious (and even embarrassing) problems.Cavities happen to just about everyone. A cavity is a diseased spot in the tooth. It all starts with a sticky film made up of bacteria. That film coats your teeth and gums. The bacteria eat sugars from things you eat and drink. That produces acids. Then, the acids eat away at your teeth's hard outer coating, called enamel.If you don't brush regularly to remove the film, or if you keep missing a spot, those acids keep eating away the teeth's enamel. That is how you get a cavity. "The larger it gets, the closer it gets to the nerve, increasing the chance of severe pain," says Lynn Ramer, president of the American Dentists' Association.A cavity will never just go away by itself. It will only get worse. "Left untreated, 100 percent of the time a cavity will spread," says Dr. William Berlocher, a dentist who is also president of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.If a cavity is caught early enough, your dentist will be able to fix your tooth. The area of the tooth where the cavity was will be replaced with a special material called a filling. Some fillings are made of a metal blend containing silver. Other fillings are a tooth-colored mix of glass and a strong material called resin.If you ignore a cavity, it will spread. It can go into the tooth's root. At that point, the dentist will have to do a root canal. In that procedure, the dentist removes the tooth's nerve.If a cavity reaches the tooth’s root, how would a dentist treat it?

Passage TwoDo you go to bed without brushing your teeth? You may think that not brushing is not a big deal. But caring for your mouth can prevent serious (and even embarrassing) problems.Cavities happen to just about everyone. A cavity is a diseased spot in the tooth. It all starts with a sticky film made up of bacteria. That film coats your teeth and gums. The bacteria eat sugars from things you eat and drink. That produces acids. Then, the acids eat away at your teeth's hard outer coating, called enamel.If you don't brush regularly to remove the film, or if you keep missing a spot, those acids keep eating away the teeth's enamel. That is how you get a cavity. "The larger it gets, the closer it gets to the nerve, increasing the chance of severe pain," says Lynn Ramer, president of the American Dentists' Association.A cavity will never just go away by itself. It will only get worse. "Left untreated, 100 percent of the time a cavity will spread," says Dr. William Berlocher, a dentist who is also president of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.If a cavity is caught early enough, your dentist will be able to fix your tooth. The area of the tooth where the cavity was will be replaced with a special material called a filling. Some fillings are made of a metal blend containing silver. Other fillings are a tooth-colored mix of glass and a strong material called resin.If you ignore a cavity, it will spread. It can go into the tooth's root. At that point, the dentist will have to do a root canal. In that procedure, the dentist removes the tooth's nerve.According to the fifth paragraph, what are some fillings made of?

Passage TwoDo you go to bed without brushing your teeth? You may think that not brushing is not a big deal. But caring for your mouth can prevent serious (and even embarrassing) problems.Cavities happen to just about everyone. A cavity is a diseased spot in the tooth. It all starts with a sticky film made up of bacteria. That film coats your teeth and gums. The bacteria eat sugars from things you eat and drink. That produces acids. Then, the acids eat away at your teeth's hard outer coating, called enamel.If you don't brush regularly to remove the film, or if you keep missing a spot, those acids keep eating away the teeth's enamel. That is how you get a cavity. "The larger it gets, the closer it gets to the nerve, increasing the chance of severe pain," says Lynn Ramer, president of the American Dentists' Association.A cavity will never just go away by itself. It will only get worse. "Left untreated, 100 percent of the time a cavity will spread," says Dr. William Berlocher, a dentist who is also president of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.If a cavity is caught early enough, your dentist will be able to fix your tooth. The area of the tooth where the cavity was will be replaced with a special material called a filling. Some fillings are made of a metal blend containing silver. Other fillings are a tooth-colored mix of glass and a strong material called resin.If you ignore a cavity, it will spread. It can go into the tooth's root. At that point, the dentist will have to do a root canal. In that procedure, the dentist removes the tooth's nerve.The main purpose of the passage is to __________.

Passage ThreeSmall talk is like having loose change in your pocket. Like quarters for a pay phone, loose change comes in handy when you least expect it. But when it comes to small talk, you must know when to spend it or save it. All small talk is not the same. With some people, you walk away having killed a few moments. With others, you feel a connection and want to get to know them better. The difference is the effort one or both of you made at making a connection. It helps to call the person by name, mention things you have in common (mutual acquaintances, places you've been, experiences you've shared, career or personal goals), show interest in that person's views or hobbies, and match the other person's speaking style, voice, emotion and body language as you talk. People feel being related to others who like them, appreciate them, enjoy the same things they do and are helpful to them. Time and attention make connections that last. When you're considering small talk, be sensitive to the other person's mood and circumstances. When your airplane seatmate is obviously preoccupied, leave him or her alone. Neither would you approach someone when the person is dashing down a hallway to a meeting. On other occasions, small talk is inappropriate because of the person involved. If the CEO has unexpectedly called you in for "a little chat," this is not the time to take the lead. Let him or her dictate the topic and pace. The same is true with customers. Develop a sixth sense about those who appreciate small talk and those who don't. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase comes in handy in the first paragraph?

Passage ThreeSmall talk is like having loose change in your pocket. Like quarters for a pay phone, loose change comes in handy when you least expect it. But when it comes to small talk, you must know when to spend it or save it. All small talk is not the same. With some people, you walk away having killed a few moments. With others, you feel a connection and want to get to know them better. The difference is the effort one or both of you made at making a connection. It helps to call the person by name, mention things you have in common (mutual acquaintances, places you've been, experiences you've shared, career or personal goals), show interest in that person's views or hobbies, and match the other person's speaking style, voice, emotion and body language as you talk. People feel being related to others who like them, appreciate them, enjoy the same things they do and are helpful to them. Time and attention make connections that last. When you're considering small talk, be sensitive to the other person's mood and circumstances. When your airplane seatmate is obviously preoccupied, leave him or her alone. Neither would you approach someone when the person is dashing down a hallway to a meeting. On other occasions, small talk is inappropriate because of the person involved. If the CEO has unexpectedly called you in for "a little chat," this is not the time to take the lead. Let him or her dictate the topic and pace. The same is true with customers. Develop a sixth sense about those who appreciate small talk and those who don't. According to the second paragraph, how can you make a connection with others？

Passage ThreeSmall talk is like having loose change in your pocket. Like quarters for a pay phone, loose change comes in handy when you least expect it. But when it comes to small talk, you must know when to spend it or save it. All small talk is not the same. With some people, you walk away having killed a few moments. With others, you feel a connection and want to get to know them better. The difference is the effort one or both of you made at making a connection. It helps to call the person by name, mention things you have in common (mutual acquaintances, places you've been, experiences you've shared, career or personal goals), show interest in that person's views or hobbies, and match the other person's speaking style, voice, emotion and body language as you talk. People feel being related to others who like them, appreciate them, enjoy the same things they do and are helpful to them. Time and attention make connections that last. When you're considering small talk, be sensitive to the other person's mood and circumstances. When your airplane seatmate is obviously preoccupied, leave him or her alone. Neither would you approach someone when the person is dashing down a hallway to a meeting. On other occasions, small talk is inappropriate because of the person involved. If the CEO has unexpectedly called you in for "a little chat," this is not the time to take the lead. Let him or her dictate the topic and pace. The same is true with customers. Develop a sixth sense about those who appreciate small talk and those who don't. If you want to make others’ feel related to you, you may need to__________.

Passage ThreeSmall talk is like having loose change in your pocket. Like quarters for a pay phone, loose change comes in handy when you least expect it. But when it comes to small talk, you must know when to spend it or save it. All small talk is not the same. With some people, you walk away having killed a few moments. With others, you feel a connection and want to get to know them better. The difference is the effort one or both of you made at making a connection. It helps to call the person by name, mention things you have in common (mutual acquaintances, places you've been, experiences you've shared, career or personal goals), show interest in that person's views or hobbies, and match the other person's speaking style, voice, emotion and body language as you talk. People feel being related to others who like them, appreciate them, enjoy the same things they do and are helpful to them. Time and attention make connections that last. When you're considering small talk, be sensitive to the other person's mood and circumstances. When your airplane seatmate is obviously preoccupied, leave him or her alone. Neither would you approach someone when the person is dashing down a hallway to a meeting. On other occasions, small talk is inappropriate because of the person involved. If the CEO has unexpectedly called you in for "a little chat," this is not the time to take the lead. Let him or her dictate the topic and pace. The same is true with customers. Develop a sixth sense about those who appreciate small talk and those who don't. According to the fourth paragraph, on what occasion should you avoid making small talk with others?

Passage ThreeSmall talk is like having loose change in your pocket. Like quarters for a pay phone, loose change comes in handy when you least expect it. But when it comes to small talk, you must know when to spend it or save it. All small talk is not the same. With some people, you walk away having killed a few moments. With others, you feel a connection and want to get to know them better. The difference is the effort one or both of you made at making a connection. It helps to call the person by name, mention things you have in common (mutual acquaintances, places you've been, experiences you've shared, career or personal goals), show interest in that person's views or hobbies, and match the other person's speaking style, voice, emotion and body language as you talk. People feel being related to others who like them, appreciate them, enjoy the same things they do and are helpful to them. Time and attention make connections that last. When you're considering small talk, be sensitive to the other person's mood and circumstances. When your airplane seatmate is obviously preoccupied, leave him or her alone. Neither would you approach someone when the person is dashing down a hallway to a meeting. On other occasions, small talk is inappropriate because of the person involved. If the CEO has unexpectedly called you in for "a little chat," this is not the time to take the lead. Let him or her dictate the topic and pace. The same is true with customers. Develop a sixth sense about those who appreciate small talk and those who don't. According to the last paragraph, what should you do when your CEO has unexpectedly called you in for “a little chat”?