Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at BayStaying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an ___1___ that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a ___2___ sunny character were less likely to fall ill. The findings, ___3___ in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help get rid of the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers ___4___ the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have ___5___ immune responses to the virus, ”explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.  “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.” Cohen and his colleagues had found in a ___6___study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults to complete standard measures of ___7___ traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style”. Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy going were judged as having a positive emotional ___8___, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the___9___reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected ___10___ data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.A.volunteersB.experimentC.objectiveD.believeE.personalityF.achesG.generallyH.styleI.publishedJ.previousK.fluD.believeL.different

Culture ProtectionOne of the most noticeable trends in the 21st century is a closer connection between countries in both economic and culture (cultural) aspects. There is a widespread worry that this will lead to gradual ___1__(disappear) of countries’ identities. This issue should be viewed and ___2__(analyze) from various perspectives. When a country ___3___(tend) to develop a closer relationship with the rest of the world, it does not ___4___(necessary) give up its culture. Culture is not a shame to but an asset of a country. An ___5__(origin) culture can distinguish one country from others, attracting foreign visitors and ___6___(acquire) high income. As most tourists travel abroad for ___7___(learn) different cultures and sampling different ways of life, such as Beijing opera in China, Japanese tea culture and Thai temples, many ___8___(country) have responded with ___9___(protect) and preserving their culture identities, in an effort to keep themselves in the list of the most popular destinations. Increased tourism instills fresh life force into their countries, ___10___(aid) the protection of their features.

自信的价值不言而喻，在我们面临一个个挑战时，正是因为拥有了自信，我们才拥有了最终的成功。请以the value of self-confidence 为题写一篇能够体现自信价值的，150词左右的英文短文。自信的价值不言而喻，在我们面临一个个挑战时，正是因为拥有了自信，我们才拥有了最终的成功。请以the value of self-confidence 为题写一篇能够体现自信价值的，150词左右的英文短文。

Remaining ActiveOur body is an amazing object.（1）_____ If you are inactive most of the time, your body will quickly become tired when it should be active. But if you are very active, your body will get used to the hard work, and the work will become easier for you to do.Physical activity can help people remain active and stay healthy.（2）_____ It also helps people sleep better. This is why active student don't complain about being tired. They have a good night's sleep and have the energy to study hard and have fun every day.Physical activity also makes people look and feel good. Activity burns more calories（卡路里）than just sitting.（3）_____ In addition, regular exercise can make your muscles and bones stronger.There are many factors to look at when you select a new physical activity. The most important is to choose something you enjoy. If you like jumping rope, that is the activity you should do.（4）_____ In fact, two days of basketball, three days of swimming, and two days of bicycling can be more fun than jogging every day.（5）_____ Some skills will improve with practice while others may always be difficult for you. If you enjoy an activity, feel free to do it. No one cares whether you can do it well or not, and you don't need to care about it either.Whatever activity you choose, remain active. It can make you physically fit and healthy for life.选项A:But you don't have to do the same thing every day.B:Different activities need different skills.C:You may prefer to participate in team activities.D:It helps the body fight off illness.E:The more you ask of it, the more it can do.F:It is very important to keep a healthy weight.

Natural ResourcesThroughout history, people have often selected where they want to live based on the natural resources that are available in the area. 1_____Some of these resources include water, food sources such as fruits and vegetables, and animals that can be caught or hunted.A region’s natural resources determine the way of life of its people. 2_____On the other hand，poor soil will either send people looking for better places, or attract people with other purposes for the land, such as setting up businesses or factories.3_____ People who wish to make a living as fishermen can do so by the ocean, but cannot do so in the desert. Desert people have many traditional and unique foods, which cannot be found in the forest. Each area attracts people based on their interests and purposes.Areas that have rich water resources will naturally have more people, traditionally, villages，towns and cities built near water have been the most successful. People there are able to use the water resources to meet their daily needs. 4_____ Places that are hard to reach，such as high mountains or dry deserts, will have fewer people living in them.5_____ For too long, people have destroyed natural resources, using up those [resources that cannot be easily replaced. On the earth, we are lucky to have many resources that are renewable, such as sun, wind, water, and trees. As more and more focus is placed on the use of renewable resources, it will become easier to protect our planet from further harm.选项A.It is easy to find new resources in nature.B.Renewable resources are those that can be replaced easily.C.While you may not think of oceans as natural resources, they are.D.for example, regions with rich soil can support fanning societies.E.They can also use the water to help them move goods to other areas.F.Natural resources are useful to people, and they come from the earth.

FruitImagine a world without fruit.We wouldn't be very healthy.We get a lot of important vitamins from eating fruit.We think of fruit primarily as something to eat.（1）_____Fruit is part of a flowering plant and it carries the seeds.The purpose of fruit is to protect a plant'sseeds and help them get spread about.Wind and water spread seeds.So do animals when they eat fruit and drop the seeds.（2）_____There are two main types of fruit:fleshy and dry.Fleshy fruits are soft and juicy.Pears,bananas and apples are all fleshy fruits.（3）_____Grains like wheat and rice,or nuts like chestnuts(板栗），are dry fruits.But wait:You've eaten oranges and grapes without seeds.How can they be fruits?It's because people have changed the way they grow fruit.They can now grow seedless fruit.Seedless fruit comes from special plants that are made by combining two varieties of a fruit to form a new variety.These special plants grow and produce seeds.（4）_____These plants cannot reproduce themselves.They can make fruit,but the fruit has no seeds.Fruits are a source of substances that keep us alive and healthy.So people make use of fruits for many foods.We make juices from them.We make jams and sweets.（5）_____Beer comes from grains and wine comes from grapes,and some particular wines are made from apples,peaches,or other fruits.选项：A.Dry fruits are thin and hard.B.We even make alcohol from fruit.C.But fruit has a purpose quite apart from our needs.D.So these plants produce fleshy fruits.E.Then the seeds grow into new plants.F.But the plants grown from these seeds are seedless.

The Princess DiseaseHave you ever heard of the princess disease? It is a terrible disease.1_____It wastes away at one's social life and people's tolerance. People with this disease think they are better than everyone else, without a real reason.Jin is a girl who suffers from this disease. 2 _____She thinks she is better looking than her friends and most people she has met. It is, as far as she is concerned, a well-known fact that she dresses better, sings better, and dances better than most people in her school, too.So is Jin justified in believing that she is better than everyone else? 3_____Of course, she thinks this is because the singing coach hates her, since the coach has bad skin and is jealous of her. She is good at sports, but she isn't the strongest, fastest, or even the best at any of their school’s events. 4 _____She, again, thinks it was bcause of the “haters”. After losing, she pretended she’d just run for fun and it was no big deal, but in fact it was a huge deal to her.Jin definitely has the disease. The treatment is to stop being so mean and get a little modesty. 5_____ She might even get rid of this disease if she tries hard enough.选项A:She is too proud of herself.B:Jin is very popular.C:Then things might become better for her.D:She sings well, but not well enough to be a lead singer.E:It threatens to push one’s friends away.F:She ran for class president, but came in third.

Biological ClockWhen the sun rises on a warm and sunny day, you can see some flowers open up. When they close late in the afternoon, other flowers open.Biological rhythms（生物节律）, like the opening and closing of flowers, happen all over nature. But not all of them are daily rhythms. Some, like the beating of our heart , happen every second. ___1___Scientists use the term biological clock to describe the timing that controls biological rhythms. ___2____ In some animals it is probably controlled by the brain. In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else.The migration of animals happens when a signal is sent out. For example, when days become shorter, birds leave the northern parts of the world and fly south where it is warm. ____3___Humans also have biological clocks that control their daily rhythms. When people travel by plane from one continent to another, they often cross many time zones. Their internal clocks don’t seem to work correctly. We call this jet lag（时差）.___4____ People who work night shifts also have problems with their biological clocks. They may not be as active as people who work during the daytime.Biological clocks control many rhythms of life. ___5____ Doctors are looking for new ways to make travelling more comfortable and medical treatment more effective .选项A.But where can you find it?B.This makes them feel tired.C.In the summer they fly back to have babies.D.We are learning more and more about them.E.Biological clocks can be adjusted.F.Other rhythms are based on months, seasons or years.

Playing Games—Not Only FunFor many people, playing games is a way to have some fun. 1_____ It is a great way to keep your mental health in check. Actually, anything that requires you to do some thinking will help you keep your brain healthy.You may say that this sounds great but you just don't have the time to do it. If you want to improve your mental health, you will make time for it. 2_____ You can exercise your brain before work and while the rest of your family is still in bed. This can greatly change your attitude for the rest of the day.Turn the TV off in the evening and spend some time playing games alone or with a family member. 3 _____ Try a variety of new games, too. This way, you don't get bored playing the same one all the time.Most games offer several different levels, To get the most exercise for your brain, start out with the easy stuff, 4 _____ As your level of skill improves, go on to challenge your brain by moving into more advanced levels of the game.Find the games that you really enjoy playing. Keeping your brain sharp with such games is really going to pay off for you in many ways. 5_____ You will find that you have less stress and that it is easier to make decisions, You will also find that your memory is improving.选项A.Set aside about 30 minutes a day when you can play games.B.This is especially true if you are new to a game.C.Playing games can help you make new friends.D.You will be surprised at how much it improves your life.E.However, it can also help you exercise your brain.F.You can also invite friends over to play games with you.

Homeschooling vs SchoolMany kids find it hard to concentrate in school. Classmates，bells，and even cheerful decorations in school can make it hard for some children to concentrate.1______In some schools，conditions are bad for children's safety and health.2_____ Homeschooling parents can control their children's environment to make sure it is safe and healthy.When students sit in a classroom surrounded by classmates，under the tight control of adults，they find it very hard to function in a normal way. Homeschooling children don't have to stay in the school.3_______They can interact with people in familiar situations，and they feel they can interact with people as adults.School bullying（以强欺弱）is a serious problem.4________ Although schools are starting to deal with this problem，many kids are still afraid of going to school. Homeschooling kids can choose who they associate with and walk away from an uncomfortable situation.Schools are cutting field trips. 5_____ On the contrary，homeschooling can move outdoors，to the beach or the zoo. For homeschooling families，the whole world is a classroom. Learning takes place everywhere and it never ends.A. Instead, they are out in the community.B. In this case, homeschooling offers fewer interruptions.C. Children usually sit at desks or around the kitchen tables.D. Some children do not treat their classmates appropriately.E. Many students go to class in old or poorly-designed buildings.F. Even a short trip to the countryside is controversial in some places.