课程列表 - 笔果题库

National Health ServiceThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was to provide equal basic and free health care for everybody in the countryside. Before this time, health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays, the central government is directly responsible for the NHS, although it is managed by local health organizations. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. Some people have to pay for prescription and dental care but other people, such as children, pregnant women, and those on income support, areexempt from payment.As the people of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals---many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe, although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s, the health service increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization (私人化) of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily. However, the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from. The NHS reform during 1980s focused more on _______________.

National Health ServiceThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was to provide equal basic and free health care for everybody in the countryside. Before this time, health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays, the central government is directly responsible for the NHS, although it is managed by local health organizations. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. Some people have to pay for prescription and dental care but other people, such as children, pregnant women, and those on income support, areexempt from payment.As the people of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals---many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe, although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s, the health service increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization (私人化) of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily. However, the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.According to the last paragraph, the biggest problem for the NHS is ___________.

A Paperless ClassroomImagine a classroom missing the one thing that’s long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing—paper. Not notebooks, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens, which always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A “paperless classroom” is what more and more schools are trying to achieve. Students don’t do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm-size(手掌大小的),or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads texts from internet libraries and sends them to every student’s personal computer.Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they’re studying from math to social science. High school teacher Judy Harrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about the war in Afghanistan over one year ago. “we could touch every side of the country through different sites, from the forest to refugee camps(难民营)”,she said,” using a book that’s three of four years old is impossible.”And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own electronic grade book.A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrel in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student. But, with all this technology, there’s always the risk that, the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure of technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students. What can you see in a paperless classroom?

The story of Milton HersheyAlmost every kid in the US has eaten a famous Hershey chocolate bar. But few people know that the Hershey chocolate factory is only about 100 years old. Even fewer know that its founder, Milton Hershey, had suffered many failures before he started his famous company.Milton grew up in the farm country of Pennsylvania. He was first trained to become a printer. After working for a small newspaper for a short time, he decided that printing was not for him. Then he got a job at a candy factory. After a few years, he decided to open his own little candy business. But this first business had to close down because it was not making money. Then, Milton travelled to Denver to learn how to make caramel （黄油奶糖）. He took his new skills to New York City and sold candies on the street. But this second business also failed.Soon afterwards, he moved back to his hometown. There he experimented with all sorts of candies and chocolates. By 1893, he was selling a million dollars’ worth of caramel candy each year. Since his chocolate-flavored （巧克力口味的）caramels were the best-selling, he decided to make chocolate himself. He learned how to make delicious chocolate by adding fresh milk. His milk chocolate turned out to be a great success. So he sold his caramel factory and focused on making chocolate only.In 1903, Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and an entire town to go with it. Today, the town of Hershey is still the home of the Hershey chocolate factory. You can smell the delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town.Milton’s first job was working as a ___________.