Passage ThreeThe amount of sleep a person needs tofunction effectively varies considerably from individual to individual and from time to time.Newborns spend an average of 16 hours a day sleeping.Teenagers may spendasmuchas10to11hoursasleepeachnight.Studentsingraduateschoolaverageeighthoursa night.Although theamountof sleepa personneeds may vary,itdoesappear thateveryonesleepsand that sleep is crucial to the normal functioning of the body.Have you ever noticed that there are certain times of the day when you are more alert or more tired?Peopleseemtohaveaninternalbiologicalclockthatregulatesthesleep-wakefulnesscycle.Bloodpressure,heartrate,andappetiteallfollowcircadianrhythms( 昼 夜 节 律 ) .Acircadianrhythmisabiological clock in our body that regulates the responses of our body within a time period of 24 or 25hours.Circadianrhythmsoperateevenwhencluesfordayandnightareremoved .Forexample,we usually adapt our sleep patterns to the light of day and dark of night;yet researchers who have lived for months at a time in the depths ofa cave have still maintained a rhythm to their behaviours.Without anyenvironmentalclues,peoplemaintainedtheircircadianrhythmsonabouta24-to25-hourcycle.Researchers have determined that humans have a circadian cycle of approximately 24.18 hours.Circadian rhythms do not control our sleep cycles;the environment and the 24-hour day control our cycles.Thus,whenyoumisssleep,thisdisruption( 打 乱 )becomesveryapparent.Sometravellersexperience jet lag(时差反应) .This occurs when their internalcircadian rhythms do not match the realclock time.Whatdo you do to cure jet lag?It usually takes about one day for each hour of time changeto return to your normal circadian clock.题目:Why did the researchers live in a cave?

Passage ThreeThe amount of sleep a person needs tofunction effectively varies considerably from individual to individual and from time to time.Newborns spend an average of 16 hours a day sleeping.Teenagers may spendasmuchas10to11hoursasleepeachnight.Studentsingraduateschoolaverageeighthoursa night.Although theamountof sleepa personneeds may vary,itdoesappear thateveryonesleepsand that sleep is crucial to the normal functioning of the body.Have you ever noticed that there are certain times of the day when you are more alert or more tired?Peopleseemtohaveaninternalbiologicalclockthatregulatesthesleep-wakefulnesscycle.Bloodpressure,heartrate,andappetiteallfollowcircadianrhythms( 昼 夜 节 律 ) .Acircadianrhythmisabiological clock in our body that regulates the responses of our body within a time period of 24 or 25 hours.Circadianrhythmsoperateevenwhencluesfordayandnightareremoved .Forexample,we usually adapt our sleep patterns to the light of day and dark of night;yet researchers who have lived for months at a time in the depths ofa cave have still maintained a rhythm to their behaviours.Without anyenvironmentalclues,peoplemaintainedtheircircadianrhythmsonabouta24-to25-hourcycle.Researchers have determined that humans have a circadian cycle of approximately 24.18 hours.Circadian rhythms do not control our sleep cycles;the environment and the 24-hourday control our cycles.Thus,whenyoumisssleep,thisdisruption( 打 乱 )becomesveryapparent.Sometravellersexperience jet lag(时差反应) .This occurs when their internalcircadian rhythms do not match the realclock time.Whatdo you do to cure jet lag?It usually takes about one day for each hour of time changeto return to your normal circadian clock.题目:Which of the following helps to determine our sleep cycles?

Passage ThreeThe amount of sleep a person needs tofunction effectively varies considerably from individual to individual and from time to time.Newborns spend an average of 16 hours a day sleeping.Teenagers may spendasmuchas10to11hoursasleepeachnight.Studentsingraduateschoolaverageeighthoursa night.Although theamountof sleepa personneeds may vary,itdoesappear thateveryonesleepsandthat sleep is crucial to the normal functioning of the body.Have you ever noticed that there are certain times of the day when you are more alert or more tired?Peopleseemtohaveaninternalbiologicalclockthatregulatesthesleep-wakefulnesscycle.Bloodpressure,heartrate,andappetiteallfollowcircadianrhythms( 昼 夜 节 律 ) .Acircadianrhythmisabiological clock in our body that regulates the responses of our body within a time period of 24 or 25 hours.Circadianrhythmsoperateevenwhencluesfordayandnightareremoved .Forexample,we usually adapt our sleep patterns to the light of day and dark of night;yet researchers who have lived for months at a time in the depths ofa cave have still maintained a rhythm to their behaviours.Without anyenvironmentalclues,peoplemaintainedtheircircadianrhythmsonabouta24-to25-hourcycle.Researchers have determined that humans have a circadian cycle of approximately 24.18 hours.Circadian rhythms do not control our sleep cycles;the environment and the 24-hour day control our cycles.Thus,whenyoumisssleep,thisdisruption( 打 乱 )becomesveryapparent.Sometravellersexperience jet lag(时差反应) .This occurs when their internalcircadian rhythms do not match the realclock time.Whatdo you do to cure jet lag?It usually takes about one day for each hour of time changeto return to your normal circadian clock.题目:Where does the passage most likely come from?

PassageFourA singlegame of soccer has it all: thrill, drama, passion. It's no wonder millions aroundthe world call it the beautiful game. The World Cup is a special moment for peopleto gather over community, culture, and competition. And here's the best part: it'sa family-friendly event that kids and adults can enjoy together .So geteveryone in front of the TV to cheer on your favorite team! Here are some waysfor families to make memories over the global celebration.Watchingsports together lets you point out examples of life skills to your children. Focustheir attention on what's happening in the game , like how the players behave orshow their feelings. Talk with them about the importance of cooperation andfair play. It's also a good way to teach kids about how they view winning andlosing. Show them how players on the losing side congratulate the winners atthe end of every game. Seeing these kinds of situations on screen and talking aboutthem can develop children's empathy(同感).Inthe World Cup, you will see top players. Many of those athletes are role modelsfor the public both on and off the field. They influence society in a positive way.If soccer was a part of your own childhood, share stories about the players yourespected. Not only is this a bonding experience, it's also a way for kids torelate to what they're watching on TV.The World Cup is a fantastic time to explore the countries in competition.Maybe your family supports the country of your roots, or maybe you cheer for adifferent nation. Use this moment to help your kids connect with their ownheritage(遗产)and learn about places they'reless familiar with. It's a fun way to get them learning about the people, languages,food, and more. And if your family likes to get competitive, you can quiz eachother about the countries at halftime!题目:What can parents teach children when watching the World Cup together?

PassageFourA singlegame of soccer has it all: thrill, drama, passion. It's no wonder millions aroundthe world call it the beautiful game. The World Cup is a special moment for peopleto gather over community, culture, and competition. And here's the best part: it'sa family-friendly event that kids and adults can enjoy together .So geteveryone in front of the TV to cheer on your favorite team! Here are some waysfor families to make memories over the global celebration.Watchingsports together lets you point out examples of life skills to your children. Focustheir attention on what's happening in the game , like how the players behave orshow their feelings. Talk with them about the importance of cooperation andfair play. It's also a good way to teach kids about how they view winning andlosing. Show them how players on the losing side congratulate the winners atthe end of every game. Seeing these kinds of situations on screen and talking aboutthem can develop children's empathy(同感).Inthe World Cup, you will see top players. Many of those athletes are role modelsfor the public both on and off the field. They influence society in a positive way.If soccer was a part of your own childhood, share stories about the players yourespected. Not only is this a bonding experience, it's also a way for kids torelate to what they're watching on TV.The World Cup is a fantastic time to explore the countries in competition.Maybe your family supports the country of your roots, or maybe you cheer for adifferent nation. Use this moment to help your kids connect with their ownheritage(遗产)and learn about places they'reless familiar with. It's a fun way to get them learning about the people, languages,food, and more. And if your family likes to get competitive, you can quiz eachother about the countries at halftime!题目:What can be learned about the top players from Paragraph 3?

PassageFourA singlegame of soccer has it all: thrill, drama, passion. It's no wonder millions aroundthe world call it the beautiful game. The World Cup is a special moment for peopleto gather over community, culture, and competition. And here's the best part: it'sa family-friendly event that kids and adults can enjoy together .So geteveryone in front of the TV to cheer on your favorite team! Here are some waysfor families to make memories over the global celebration.Watchingsports together lets you point out examples of life skills to your children. Focustheir attention on what's happening in the game , like how the players behave orshow their feelings. Talk with them about the importance of cooperation andfair play. It's also a good way to teach kids about how they view winning andlosing. Show them how players on the losing side congratulate the winners atthe end of every game. Seeing these kinds of situations on screen and talking aboutthem can develop children's empathy(同感).Inthe World Cup, you will see top players. Many of those athletes are role modelsfor the public both on and off the field. They influence society in a positive way.If soccer was a part of your own childhood, share stories about the players yourespected. Not only is this a bonding experience, it's also a way for kids torelate to what they're watching on TV.The World Cup is a fantastic time to explore the countries in competition.Maybe your family supports the country of your roots, or maybe you cheer for adifferent nation. Use this moment to help your kids connect with their ownheritage(遗产)and learn about places they'reless familiar with. It's a fun way to get them learning about the people, languages,food, and more. And if your family likes to get competitive, you can quiz eachother about the countries at halftime!题目:What can the World Cup help people do according to thelast paragraph?

PassageFourA singlegame of soccer has it all: thrill, drama, passion. It's no wonder millions aroundthe world call it the beautiful game. The World Cup is a special moment for peopleto gather over community, culture, and competition. And here's the best part: it'sa family-friendly event that kids and adults can enjoy together .So geteveryone in front of the TV to cheer on your favorite team! Here are some waysfor families to make memories over the global celebration.Watchingsports together lets you point out examples of life skills to your children. Focustheir attention on what's happening in the game , like how the players behave orshow their feelings. Talk with them about the importance of cooperation andfair play. It's also a good way to teach kids about how they view winning andlosing. Show them how players on the losing side congratulate the winners atthe end of every game. Seeing these kinds of situations on screen and talking aboutthem can develop children's empathy(同感).Inthe World Cup, you will see top players. Many of those athletes are role modelsfor the public both on and off the field. They influence society in a positive way.If soccer was a part of your own childhood, share stories about the players yourespected. Not only is this a bonding experience, it's also a way for kids torelate to what they're watching on TV.The World Cup is a fantastic time to explore the countries in competition.Maybe your family supports the country of your roots, or maybe you cheer for adifferent nation. Use this moment to help your kids connect with their ownheritage(遗产)and learn about places they'reless familiar with. It's a fun way to get them learning about the people, languages,food, and more. And if your family likes to get competitive, you can quiz eachother about the countries at halftime!题目:Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

PassageFiveIn thisdigital age, where most of our daily tasks are completed online, older adults oftenfind themselves left out from the digital world. While technology offersconvenience and ease for those used to it, many older individuals facedifficulties adjusting to the shift toward digital platforms.MildredLovell ,a 62-year-old woman, experienced the challenges first hand. As someone whohas devoted herself to interacting(交流)with people rather than computers, she found herself strugglingwhen she began studying for an online doctor degree. Realizing her lack ofbasic technology skills, she sought help from the Brooklyn Public Library'sdigital literacy(数字素养)program.Contraryto the idea that older adults have a hard time learning new things, researchhas shown that they are indeed capable of learning . However, changes inprocessing speed may result in longer learning paths. Nevertheless, older adultshave the flexibility needed to adapt to new experiences , showing their abilityto gain digital skills with the right support and patience.Don Norman,a former vice president of an electronics company ,points out that one reasontechnology doesn't meet the needs of older adults is that it is mostly designedby younger people .He suggests involving older individuals in the designprocess to address their specific needs in order to make sure that technologyis user-friendly for everyone .Sadly, companies often ignore the learning featuresof older adults, leading to designs that don't match their unique need sand pointsof view.To bridge the digital gap for older adults, it's crucial to pay attentionto the user-friendliness of technology. Providing support programs, taking in feedback(反馈)from older users, and involving them in the design process areimportant steps toward creating inclusive digital experiences. By recognizingthe potential of older adults and their capability to learn and adjust, we canmake sure they actively take part in the digital world.题目:What can be learned about older adults from Paragraph1?

PassageFiveIn thisdigital age, where most of our daily tasks are completed online, older adults oftenfind themselves left out from the digital world. While technology offersconvenience and ease for those used to it, many older individuals facedifficulties adjusting to the shift toward digital platforms.MildredLovell ,a 62-year-old woman, experienced the challenges first hand. As someone whohas devoted herself to interacting(交流)with people rather than computers, she found herself strugglingwhen she began studying for an online doctor degree. Realizing her lack ofbasic technology skills, she sought help from the Brooklyn Public Library'sdigital literacy(数字素养)program.Contraryto the idea that older adults have a hard time learning new things, researchhas shown that they are indeed capable of learning . However, changes inprocessing speed may result in longer learning paths. Nevertheless, older adultshave the flexibility needed to adapt to new experiences , showing their abilityto gain digital skills with the right support and patience.Don Norman,a former vice president of an electronics company ,points out that one reasontechnology doesn't meet the needs of older adults is that it is mostly designedby younger people .He suggests involving older individuals in the designprocess to address their specific needs in order to make sure that technologyis user-friendly for everyone .Sadly, companies often ignore the learning featuresof older adults, leading to designs that don't match their unique need sand pointsof view.To bridge the digital gap for older adults, it's crucial to pay attentionto the user-friendliness of technology. Providing support programs, taking in feedback(反馈)from older users, and involving them in the design process areimportant steps toward creating inclusive digital experiences. By recognizingthe potential of older adults and their capability to learn and adjust, we canmake sure they actively take part in the digital world.题目:Which of the following istrue about Mildred Lovell?

PassageFiveIn thisdigital age, where most of our daily tasks are completed online, older adults oftenfind themselves left out from the digital world. While technology offersconvenience and ease for those used to it, many older individuals facedifficulties adjusting to the shift toward digital platforms.MildredLovell ,a 62-year-old woman, experienced the challenges first hand. As someone whohas devoted herself to interacting(交流)with people rather than computers, she found herself strugglingwhen she began studying for an online doctor degree. Realizing her lack ofbasic technology skills, she sought help from the Brooklyn Public Library'sdigital literacy(数字素养)program.Contraryto the idea that older adults have a hard time learning new things, researchhas shown that they are indeed capable of learning . However, changes inprocessing speed may result in longer learning paths. Nevertheless, older adultshave the flexibility needed to adapt to new experiences , showing their abilityto gain digital skills with the right support and patience.Don Norman,a former vice president of an electronics company ,points out that one reasontechnology doesn't meet the needs of older adults is that it is mostly designedby younger people .He suggests involving older individuals in the designprocess to address their specific needs in order to make sure that technologyis user-friendly for everyone .Sadly, companies often ignore the learning featuresof older adults, leading to designs that don't match their unique need sand pointsof view.To bridge the digital gap for older adults, it's crucial to pay attentionto the user-friendliness of technology. Providing support programs, taking in feedback(反馈)from older users, and involving them in the design process areimportant steps toward creating inclusive digital experiences. By recognizingthe potential of older adults and their capability to learn and adjust, we canmake sure they actively take part in the digital world.题目:Why should older people be involved in the design process?