Passage 4 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. 　I was supposed to have been a nice, church-going Swiss housewife, but I ended up a psychiatrist in the American Southwest for my belief in the power of unconditional love that set me to work with AIDS-infected patients. 　I was destined to work with dying patients. I had no choice when I encountered my first AIDS patient. I felt called to travel some 250,000 miles each year to hold workshops that helped people cope with the most painful aspects of life, death and the transition between the two. 　Later in my life, I was compelled to buy a 300-acre farm in rural Virginia, and I poured all the money I earned from publishing and lectures into making it a reality. I constructed a healing center where I held workshops, allowing me to cut down on my busy travel schedule. I was planning to adopt AIDS-infected babies, who would enjoy however many days remained of their lives in the splendor of the outdoors. After announcing my intention of adopting AIDS-infected babies, I became the most despised （厌恶） person in the whole Shenandoah Valley, and even though I soon abandoned my plans, there was a group of men who did everything in their power short of killing me to get me to leave. They fired bullets through my windows and shot at my animals. 　The simple life on the farm was everything to me. The fields rolled out as far as I could see. Ancient trees offered their silent wisdom. 　Then, on October 6, 1994, my house was set on fire. It burned down to the ground and all my papers were destroyed. Everything I owned turned to ash. 　I was hurrying through the airport in Baltimore, trying to catch a plane home, when I got the news that it was on fire. The friend who told me begged me not to go home, not yet. But my whole life I had been told not to become a doctor, not to talk with dying patients, not to start an AIDS hospice （临终安养院）, and each time I had stubbornly （倔强地） done what felt right rather than what was expected. 　That is how I have lived. If I am opinionated and independent, if I am stuck in my ways, so what? That is me.What can be learnt about the author from the passage?

Passage 4 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. 　I was supposed to have been a nice, church-going Swiss housewife, but I ended up a psychiatrist in the American Southwest for my belief in the power of unconditional love that set me to work with AIDS-infected patients. 　I was destined to work with dying patients. I had no choice when I encountered my first AIDS patient. I felt called to travel some 250,000 miles each year to hold workshops that helped people cope with the most painful aspects of life, death and the transition between the two. 　Later in my life, I was compelled to buy a 300-acre farm in rural Virginia, and I poured all the money I earned from publishing and lectures into making it a reality. I constructed a healing center where I held workshops, allowing me to cut down on my busy travel schedule. I was planning to adopt AIDS-infected babies, who would enjoy however many days remained of their lives in the splendor of the outdoors. After announcing my intention of adopting AIDS-infected babies, I became the most despised （厌恶） person in the whole Shenandoah Valley, and even though I soon abandoned my plans, there was a group of men who did everything in their power short of killing me to get me to leave. They fired bullets through my windows and shot at my animals. 　The simple life on the farm was everything to me. The fields rolled out as far as I could see. Ancient trees offered their silent wisdom. 　Then, on October 6, 1994, my house was set on fire. It burned down to the ground and all my papers were destroyed. Everything I owned turned to ash. 　I was hurrying through the airport in Baltimore, trying to catch a plane home, when I got the news that it was on fire. The friend who told me begged me not to go home, not yet. But my whole life I had been told not to become a doctor, not to talk with dying patients, not to start an AIDS hospice （临终安养院）, and each time I had stubbornly （倔强地） done what felt right rather than what was expected. 　That is how I have lived. If I am opinionated and independent, if I am stuck in my ways, so what? That is me.The last paragraph shows the author’s __________ .

Passage 5 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 　When Wally Amos was little, his family was very poor. After his parents got divorced, Amos went to live with his Aunt Della in New York City. His aunt loved to cook and she always made him special chocolate chip cookies. 　Wally dropped out of high school to join the army. After he completed his work in the army, he attended a secretarial school to learn shorthand, typing, and accounting skills. 　Wally began baking chocolate chip cookies using a recipe similar to his aunt’s. He borrowed money from his friends and opened a small shop in California. The famous Amos Cookie Company started. Soon he began to make money. Within the first two years, he was baking six tons of cookies a week and taking in over $4,000,000 in sales each year. 　He sold his company to the Bass Brothers of Fort Worth, Texas, and his cookies were soon found in grocery stores and vending machines all across the United States. 　In 1992, Wally started a new cookie company called The Uncle Noname Cookie Company that made five different kinds of cookies. Each bag of cookies also had a recipe for lemonade on the bag. He added his recipe to the cookie bag because Wally wanted his customers to know that, “...if life hands them a lemon, they can turn it into lemonade”. This expression means that if things happen that seem not to be good at the time, later they can actually turn into something good. 　The Wally Amos rejoined the first cookie company to work on sales. He wanted the company to return to the market. He also wanted it to sell some new flavors of cookies besides the popular chocolate chip cookie, to add graphics （图样） to the packaging, and to work on new national advertising to attract more customers. 　Wally has spent time as a literacy volunteer of America and he has given money to a special program called “Cities in Schools” which helps students stay in school. He also took time off in 1983 to write his autobiography, The Famous Amos Story: The Man Who Launched a Thousand Chips. In the meantime, Famous Amos had new shops popping up on the West Coast and franchised stores （特许商店） opening in Japan and its Asian neighbors. 　Wally Amos is best known for his enjoyment in making cookies and for making so many possibilities out of his life.What kind of school did Wally Amos attend after he left the army?

Passage 5 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 　When Wally Amos was little, his family was very poor. After his parents got divorced, Amos went to live with his Aunt Della in New York City. His aunt loved to cook and she always made him special chocolate chip cookies. 　Wally dropped out of high school to join the army. After he completed his work in the army, he attended a secretarial school to learn shorthand, typing, and accounting skills. 　Wally began baking chocolate chip cookies using a recipe similar to his aunt’s. He borrowed money from his friends and opened a small shop in California. The famous Amos Cookie Company started. Soon he began to make money. Within the first two years, he was baking six tons of cookies a week and taking in over $4,000,000 in sales each year. 　He sold his company to the Bass Brothers of Fort Worth, Texas, and his cookies were soon found in grocery stores and vending machines all across the United States. 　In 1992, Wally started a new cookie company called The Uncle Noname Cookie Company that made five different kinds of cookies. Each bag of cookies also had a recipe for lemonade on the bag. He added his recipe to the cookie bag because Wally wanted his customers to know that, “...if life hands them a lemon, they can turn it into lemonade”. This expression means that if things happen that seem not to be good at the time, later they can actually turn into something good. 　The Wally Amos rejoined the first cookie company to work on sales. He wanted the company to return to the market. He also wanted it to sell some new flavors of cookies besides the popular chocolate chip cookie, to add graphics （图样） to the packaging, and to work on new national advertising to attract more customers. 　Wally has spent time as a literacy volunteer of America and he has given money to a special program called “Cities in Schools” which helps students stay in school. He also took time off in 1983 to write his autobiography, The Famous Amos Story: The Man Who Launched a Thousand Chips. In the meantime, Famous Amos had new shops popping up on the West Coast and franchised stores （特许商店） opening in Japan and its Asian neighbors. 　Wally Amos is best known for his enjoyment in making cookies and for making so many possibilities out of his life.Wally Amos started his Famous Amos Cookie Company with money borrowed from__________ .

Passage 5 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 　When Wally Amos was little, his family was very poor. After his parents got divorced, Amos went to live with his Aunt Della in New York City. His aunt loved to cook and she always made him special chocolate chip cookies. 　Wally dropped out of high school to join the army. After he completed his work in the army, he attended a secretarial school to learn shorthand, typing, and accounting skills. 　Wally began baking chocolate chip cookies using a recipe similar to his aunt’s. He borrowed money from his friends and opened a small shop in California. The famous Amos Cookie Company started. Soon he began to make money. Within the first two years, he was baking six tons of cookies a week and taking in over $4,000,000 in sales each year. 　He sold his company to the Bass Brothers of Fort Worth, Texas, and his cookies were soon found in grocery stores and vending machines all across the United States. 　In 1992, Wally started a new cookie company called The Uncle Noname Cookie Company that made five different kinds of cookies. Each bag of cookies also had a recipe for lemonade on the bag. He added his recipe to the cookie bag because Wally wanted his customers to know that, “...if life hands them a lemon, they can turn it into lemonade”. This expression means that if things happen that seem not to be good at the time, later they can actually turn into something good. 　The Wally Amos rejoined the first cookie company to work on sales. He wanted the company to return to the market. He also wanted it to sell some new flavors of cookies besides the popular chocolate chip cookie, to add graphics （图样） to the packaging, and to work on new national advertising to attract more customers. 　Wally has spent time as a literacy volunteer of America and he has given money to a special program called “Cities in Schools” which helps students stay in school. He also took time off in 1983 to write his autobiography, The Famous Amos Story: The Man Who Launched a Thousand Chips. In the meantime, Famous Amos had new shops popping up on the West Coast and franchised stores （特许商店） opening in Japan and its Asian neighbors. 　Wally Amos is best known for his enjoyment in making cookies and for making so many possibilities out of his life.Why did Wally Amos add a lemonade recipe to each cookie bag?

Passage 5 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 　When Wally Amos was little, his family was very poor. After his parents got divorced, Amos went to live with his Aunt Della in New York City. His aunt loved to cook and she always made him special chocolate chip cookies. 　Wally dropped out of high school to join the army. After he completed his work in the army, he attended a secretarial school to learn shorthand, typing, and accounting skills. 　Wally began baking chocolate chip cookies using a recipe similar to his aunt’s. He borrowed money from his friends and opened a small shop in California. The famous Amos Cookie Company started. Soon he began to make money. Within the first two years, he was baking six tons of cookies a week and taking in over $4,000,000 in sales each year. 　He sold his company to the Bass Brothers of Fort Worth, Texas, and his cookies were soon found in grocery stores and vending machines all across the United States. 　In 1992, Wally started a new cookie company called The Uncle Noname Cookie Company that made five different kinds of cookies. Each bag of cookies also had a recipe for lemonade on the bag. He added his recipe to the cookie bag because Wally wanted his customers to know that, “...if life hands them a lemon, they can turn it into lemonade”. This expression means that if things happen that seem not to be good at the time, later they can actually turn into something good. 　The Wally Amos rejoined the first cookie company to work on sales. He wanted the company to return to the market. He also wanted it to sell some new flavors of cookies besides the popular chocolate chip cookie, to add graphics （图样） to the packaging, and to work on new national advertising to attract more customers. 　Wally has spent time as a literacy volunteer of America and he has given money to a special program called “Cities in Schools” which helps students stay in school. He also took time off in 1983 to write his autobiography, The Famous Amos Story: The Man Who Launched a Thousand Chips. In the meantime, Famous Amos had new shops popping up on the West Coast and franchised stores （特许商店） opening in Japan and its Asian neighbors. 　Wally Amos is best known for his enjoyment in making cookies and for making so many possibilities out of his life.Why did Wally Amos rejoin the first cookie company?

Passage 5 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 　When Wally Amos was little, his family was very poor. After his parents got divorced, Amos went to live with his Aunt Della in New York City. His aunt loved to cook and she always made him special chocolate chip cookies. 　Wally dropped out of high school to join the army. After he completed his work in the army, he attended a secretarial school to learn shorthand, typing, and accounting skills. 　Wally began baking chocolate chip cookies using a recipe similar to his aunt’s. He borrowed money from his friends and opened a small shop in California. The famous Amos Cookie Company started. Soon he began to make money. Within the first two years, he was baking six tons of cookies a week and taking in over $4,000,000 in sales each year. 　He sold his company to the Bass Brothers of Fort Worth, Texas, and his cookies were soon found in grocery stores and vending machines all across the United States. 　In 1992, Wally started a new cookie company called The Uncle Noname Cookie Company that made five different kinds of cookies. Each bag of cookies also had a recipe for lemonade on the bag. He added his recipe to the cookie bag because Wally wanted his customers to know that, “...if life hands them a lemon, they can turn it into lemonade”. This expression means that if things happen that seem not to be good at the time, later they can actually turn into something good. 　The Wally Amos rejoined the first cookie company to work on sales. He wanted the company to return to the market. He also wanted it to sell some new flavors of cookies besides the popular chocolate chip cookie, to add graphics （图样） to the packaging, and to work on new national advertising to attract more customers. 　Wally has spent time as a literacy volunteer of America and he has given money to a special program called “Cities in Schools” which helps students stay in school. He also took time off in 1983 to write his autobiography, The Famous Amos Story: The Man Who Launched a Thousand Chips. In the meantime, Famous Amos had new shops popping up on the West Coast and franchised stores （特许商店） opening in Japan and its Asian neighbors. 　Wally Amos is best known for his enjoyment in making cookies and for making so many possibilities out of his life.What does the special program “Cities in Schools” aim at?

Passage 6 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. 　About twenty years ago, when the Internet was not so easily accessible, children used to spend much more time outdoors. Nowadays, however, children prefer to spend free time at home, watching more TV, playing computer games, and so on. Although this may also be more comfortable for parents, as they can watch and control their child more easily when at home, for a child’s sake, it is better to encourage him or her to play outdoors. 　According to a new study held in Australia, teenagers who are regularly engaged in moderate-to-vigorous outdoor activity tend to have better health and easier social interactions than their peers who prefer to stay at home and play games. On average, the difference in time spent outdoors for these two groups was about 2.5 hours. Bamini Gopinath, a university professor, says that “Parents should be conscious of the fact that outdoor physical activity is beneficial to their child’s overall health and well-being, and should try to limit the time their child spends in front of the screen.” 　Indeed, as it has been discovered, outdoor activity does not just generally improve the way a child feels; there are a number of specific benefits a child or teenager receives from it. In particular, such children build stronger bones and muscles. They tend to be more flexible with a better sense of balance and a more healthy weight. Playing outdoors helps teenagers avoid or reduce stress and fell more relaxed, have more confidence in themselves, boosts self-esteem, and allows them to keep in touch with old friends and also make new ones. 　What is also important, playing outdoors helps children to develop skills connected to creativity and invention. The objects of the outdoors grant children with limitless possibilities for playing, and each time a child steps outside, these games change, or new ones are invented. Natural spaces and materials stimulate children’s limitless imagination and serve as the medium of inventiveness and creativity. Creative skills that a child develops when playing outside can help him or her in the future─for example, when there is a need to solve a non-standard task, or come up with a new idea. 　Playing outside not only improves a child’s general physical and psycho-emotional condition, but makes him or her physically stronger, more flexible, and self-confident. It positively affects self-esteem, helps a child to maintain a healthy weight, and develop social contacts. Moreover, it contributes to the development of creative thinking and imagination. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to spend much more time outdoors.Why do parents feel more comfortable with their children at home?

Passage 6 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. 　About twenty years ago, when the Internet was not so easily accessible, children used to spend much more time outdoors. Nowadays, however, children prefer to spend free time at home, watching more TV, playing computer games, and so on. Although this may also be more comfortable for parents, as they can watch and control their child more easily when at home, for a child’s sake, it is better to encourage him or her to play outdoors. 　According to a new study held in Australia, teenagers who are regularly engaged in moderate-to-vigorous outdoor activity tend to have better health and easier social interactions than their peers who prefer to stay at home and play games. On average, the difference in time spent outdoors for these two groups was about 2.5 hours. Bamini Gopinath, a university professor, says that “Parents should be conscious of the fact that outdoor physical activity is beneficial to their child’s overall health and well-being, and should try to limit the time their child spends in front of the screen.” 　Indeed, as it has been discovered, outdoor activity does not just generally improve the way a child feels; there are a number of specific benefits a child or teenager receives from it. In particular, such children build stronger bones and muscles. They tend to be more flexible with a better sense of balance and a more healthy weight. Playing outdoors helps teenagers avoid or reduce stress and fell more relaxed, have more confidence in themselves, boosts self-esteem, and allows them to keep in touch with old friends and also make new ones. 　What is also important, playing outdoors helps children to develop skills connected to creativity and invention. The objects of the outdoors grant children with limitless possibilities for playing, and each time a child steps outside, these games change, or new ones are invented. Natural spaces and materials stimulate children’s limitless imagination and serve as the medium of inventiveness and creativity. Creative skills that a child develops when playing outside can help him or her in the future─for example, when there is a need to solve a non-standard task, or come up with a new idea. 　Playing outside not only improves a child’s general physical and psycho-emotional condition, but makes him or her physically stronger, more flexible, and self-confident. It positively affects self-esteem, helps a child to maintain a healthy weight, and develop social contacts. Moreover, it contributes to the development of creative thinking and imagination. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to spend much more time outdoors.What does Bamini Gopinath suggest?

Passage 6 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. 　About twenty years ago, when the Internet was not so easily accessible, children used to spend much more time outdoors. Nowadays, however, children prefer to spend free time at home, watching more TV, playing computer games, and so on. Although this may also be more comfortable for parents, as they can watch and control their child more easily when at home, for a child’s sake, it is better to encourage him or her to play outdoors. 　According to a new study held in Australia, teenagers who are regularly engaged in moderate-to-vigorous outdoor activity tend to have better health and easier social interactions than their peers who prefer to stay at home and play games. On average, the difference in time spent outdoors for these two groups was about 2.5 hours. Bamini Gopinath, a university professor, says that “Parents should be conscious of the fact that outdoor physical activity is beneficial to their child’s overall health and well-being, and should try to limit the time their child spends in front of the screen.” 　Indeed, as it has been discovered, outdoor activity does not just generally improve the way a child feels; there are a number of specific benefits a child or teenager receives from it. In particular, such children build stronger bones and muscles. They tend to be more flexible with a better sense of balance and a more healthy weight. Playing outdoors helps teenagers avoid or reduce stress and fell more relaxed, have more confidence in themselves, boosts self-esteem, and allows them to keep in touch with old friends and also make new ones. 　What is also important, playing outdoors helps children to develop skills connected to creativity and invention. The objects of the outdoors grant children with limitless possibilities for playing, and each time a child steps outside, these games change, or new ones are invented. Natural spaces and materials stimulate children’s limitless imagination and serve as the medium of inventiveness and creativity. Creative skills that a child develops when playing outside can help him or her in the future─for example, when there is a need to solve a non-standard task, or come up with a new idea. 　Playing outside not only improves a child’s general physical and psycho-emotional condition, but makes him or her physically stronger, more flexible, and self-confident. It positively affects self-esteem, helps a child to maintain a healthy weight, and develop social contacts. Moreover, it contributes to the development of creative thinking and imagination. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to spend much more time outdoors.What does the author mainly discuss in Paragraph 3?