Five Levels of Human Needs
Human needs seem endless.1______ When a manager gets a new sports car, he wants to have a big house and pleasure boats, or other luxuries（奢侈品）.
The needs of mankind might be divided into several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.
The first and most basic level of needs involves food. 2______ By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.
By the year of 1957 or 1958, this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life-enriching" level. While the first three levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the food, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level focused on mental needs, such as fame, achievement, and happiness. 3______ Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. 4______
On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action.5______ After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
4.