Passage 1
Searching by keyword is the most mon method of using a search engine, but the problems with keywords are the relative imprecise results and the return of a lot of irrelevant information. Keywords may have more than one meaning and search results may be found only by using a synonym of the keyword.
The majority of search engines e from the United States and have specialized in English resources and information reflecting the American culture. People who do not speak English or who are non-native speakers have therefore many disadvantages on the Web.
The centralized approach to information retrieval has extreme difficulty in coping with the multilingual and multi-cultural nature of the information society. Although many search engines have subsidiaries in many other countries, like Japan or Italy, the way the information is presented is the American way and may not reflect the logic of the people who are using it.
The search and development in information and data retrieval is aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval. Individual and parallel development for database management systems has left this sector without a centralized vision and coordination between the different types of search engines. Search engines on the internet are very specific and not able to cope with multiple database formats and file types. In order to make searches plete, a search engine needs to search over text, documents, images, sounds and all other media formats. So the database integration will be the single most important objective for the future of intelligent search engines.
12.Which of the following is true about the search engines from the U.S.?