lonely cross striking shake newly signal than way train means example
When we think of communication,we normally think of using words-talking face to face,writing messages and so on.But in fact,we communicate far more in other (51)______.Our eyes and facial expressions usually tell the truth even when our words do not.
Then there are gestures,often unconscious:raising the eyebrows,rubbing the nose,shrugging the shoulders,tapping the fingers,nodding and (52) ______the head.There is also the even more subtle“body language'"of posture.Are you sitting-or standing-with arms or legs(53) ______?Is that person standing with hands in pockets,held in front of the body or hidden behind?Even the way we dress and colours we wear communicate things to others.
So,do animals communicate?Not in words,although a parrot might be(54) ______to repeat words and phrases which it doesn't understand.But,as we have learned,there is more to communication than words.
Take dogs for (55) ______.They bare their teeth to warn,wag their tails to welcome and stand firm,with hair erect to challenge.These (56) ______are surely canine equivalent of the human body language of facial expression,gesture and posture.
Colour can be an important (57) ______of communication for animals.Many birds and fish change colours,for example,to attract partners during the mating season.And mating itself is commonly preceded by a special dance in which both partners participate.
Here again,there are (58) ______similarities to youngsters who dress up to meet partners at discotheques,where the music is often too loud for verbal communication.Communication there takes place through appearance and movements.
The most elaborate dances in the animal kingdom are 'those which bees use to communicate.With body movements alone they can tell other bees the direction and distance of a(59) ______discovered food source.
All these examples may suggest instinctive rather than intelligent communication.But human body language is largely instinctive,too.And,in many ways,body language says far more (60) ______intelligent,verbal communication ever can.
(From Nonverbal Communication)