Bright ideasDo you have bright ideas? Ideas or inventions that change society or, at least, make life easier for somebody? Perhaps we all do sometimes, but we don’t often make the idea a reality. Recently, in Britain, there was a competition called British designers for tomorrow. The competition encourages young people to carry out their bright ideas. There were two groups in the contest; group one was for schoolchildren under 16; group two fro schoolchildren over 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether.Neil hunt, one of the prize-winners, was called “sunshine superman”. It’s important when people study the weather to be able to record sunshine accurately. We need to know how many hours of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders only record direct sunlight. Neil’s is more accurate (精确的) and this is very important for research into the way of using solar (太阳的) power.You can do so much with cartoon. Look at Simon West’s idea for animated(动画的) road signs. He uses pictures which appear to move as you go nearer to or father from them. This isn’t a new idea. But it is new to use these pictures on road signs. “We found that people were more likely to see moving signs,” said Simon. So now, you can really see rocks falling, trains moving, horses running or a car falling over the edge of a cliff (悬崖). Quite a warning!The ideas in the competition were so inventive that we are surprised that British industry doesn’t ask more schoolchildren for suggestions. Perhaps this will be the start of “pupil power!”

Bright ideasDo you have bright ideas? Ideas or inventions that change society or, at least, make life easier for somebody? Perhaps we all do sometimes, but we don’t often make the idea a reality. Recently, in Britain, there was a competition called British designers for tomorrow. The competition encourages young people to carry out their bright ideas. There were two groups in the contest; group one was for schoolchildren under 16; group two fro schoolchildren over 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether.Neil hunt, one of the prize-winners, was called “sunshine superman”. It’s important when people study the weather to be able to record sunshine accurately. We need to know how many hours of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders only record direct sunlight. Neil’s is more accurate (精确的) and this is very important for research into the way of using solar (太阳的) power.You can do so much with cartoon. Look at Simon West’s idea for animated(动画的) road signs. He uses pictures which appear to move as you go nearer to or father from them. This isn’t a new idea. But it is new to use these pictures on road signs. “We found that people were more likely to see moving signs,” said Simon. So now, you can really see rocks falling, trains moving, horses running or a car falling over the edge of a cliff (悬崖). Quite a warning!The ideas in the competition were so inventive that we are surprised that British industry doesn’t ask more schoolchildren for suggestions. Perhaps this will be the start of “pupil power!” According to the last paragraph, the British industry should __________.

National Health ServiceThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was to provide equal basic and free health care for everybody in the countryside. Before this time, health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays, the central government is directly responsible for the NHS, although it is managed by local health organizations. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. Some people have to pay for prescription and dental care but other people, such as children, pregnant women, and those on income support, areexempt from payment.As the people of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals---many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe, although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s, the health service increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization (私人化) of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily. However, the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.We can know from the first paragraph that _____________.

National Health ServiceThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was to provide equal basic and free health care for everybody in the countryside. Before this time, health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays, the central government is directly responsible for the NHS, although it is managed by local health organizations. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. Some people have to pay for prescription and dental care but other people, such as children, pregnant women, and those on income support, are exempt from payment.As the people of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals---many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe, although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s, the health service increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization (私人化) of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily. However, the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?

National Health ServiceThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was to provide equal basic and free health care for everybody in the countryside. Before this time, health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays, the central government is directly responsible for the NHS, although it is managed by local health organizations. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. Some people have to pay for prescription and dental care but other people, such as children, pregnant women, and those on income support, areexempt from payment.As the people of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals---many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe, although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s, the health service increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization (私人化) of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily. However, the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from. According to paragraph 2 and 3, which of the following is TRUE about HNS?

National Health ServiceThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was to provide equal basic and free health care for everybody in the countryside. Before this time, health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays, the central government is directly responsible for the NHS, although it is managed by local health organizations. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. Some people have to pay for prescription and dental care but other people, such as children, pregnant women, and those on income support, areexempt from payment.As the people of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals---many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe, although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s, the health service increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization (私人化) of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily. However, the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from. The NHS reform during 1980s focused more on _______________.

National Health ServiceThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was to provide equal basic and free health care for everybody in the countryside. Before this time, health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays, the central government is directly responsible for the NHS, although it is managed by local health organizations. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. Some people have to pay for prescription and dental care but other people, such as children, pregnant women, and those on income support, areexempt from payment.As the people of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals---many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe, although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s, the health service increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization (私人化) of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily. However, the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.According to the last paragraph, the biggest problem for the NHS is ___________.

A Paperless ClassroomImagine a classroom missing the one thing that’s long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing—paper. Not notebooks, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens, which always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A “paperless classroom” is what more and more schools are trying to achieve. Students don’t do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm-size(手掌大小的),or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads texts from internet libraries and sends them to every student’s personal computer.Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they’re studying from math to social science. High school teacher Judy Harrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about the war in Afghanistan over one year ago. “we could touch every side of the country through different sites, from the forest to refugee camps(难民营)”,she said,” using a book that’s three of four years old is impossible.”And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own electronic grade book.A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrel in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student. But, with all this technology, there’s always the risk that, the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure of technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students. What can you see in a paperless classroom?

A Paperless ClassroomImagine a classroom missing the one thing that’s long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing—paper. Not notebooks, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens, which always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A “paperless classroom” is what more and more schools are trying to achieve. Students don’t do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm-size(手掌大小的),or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads texts from internet libraries and sends them to every student’s personal computer.Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they’re studying from math to social science. High school teacher Judy Harrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about the war in Afghanistan over one year ago. “we could touch every side of the country through different sites, from the forest to refugee camps(难民营)”,she said,” using a book that’s three of four years old is impossible.”And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own electronic grade book.A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrel in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student. But, with all this technology, there’s always the risk that, the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure of technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students. A paperless classroom will use texts _____________.

A Paperless ClassroomImagine a classroom missing the one thing that’s long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing—paper. Not notebooks, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens, which always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A “paperless classroom” is what more and more schools are trying to achieve. Students don’t do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm-size(手掌大小的),or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads texts from internet libraries and sends them to every student’s personal computer.Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they’re studying from math to social science. High school teacher Judy Harrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about the war in Afghanistan over one year ago. “we could touch every side of the country through different sites, from the forest to refugee camps(难民营)”,she said,” using a book that’s three of four years old is impossible.”And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own electronic grade book.A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrel in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student. But, with all this technology, there’s always the risk that, the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure of technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students. Judy Harrell, used the example of her class to show that_____________.