When you pat your pet dog. he wags（摆来摆去）his tail. That is his way of saying that he loves you. And if you pay attention, you will see that he uses his tail to say so many things. Every movement of the tail means a different thing. If the dog is wagging its tail.it is a sign of friendliness; if his tail is straight. it means he is getting ready for a fight ; and if his tail is tucked（塞）behind his legs, it means he is giving up the fight.Unlike dogs, cats' tail language is not so expressive. When a cat feels threatened, he puffs himself up to appear big and his tail shakes with tension. And when he is displeased with something. he lashes out（甩动）his tail.The tail language of dogs and cats has a little story behind it. Earlier when dogs and cats had not become friends with human beings, they were predators. They used to hunt other animals for their food. When dogs went out hunting with their friends, tail language came handy. When they were close to each other, dogs could use facial expressions to talk. But, for long-distance communication, they used their tails. Unlike dogs, cats liked to hunt alone. So they did not need to use tail language too often. As a result, their vocabulary in tail language is much smaller than that of dogs'.Which of the following does the author intend to say?

When you pat your pet dog. he wags（摆来摆去）his tail. That is his way of saying that he loves you. And if you pay attention, you will see that he uses his tail to say so many things. Every movement of the tail means a different thing. If the dog is wagging its tail.it is a sign of friendliness; if his tail is straight. it means he is getting ready for a fight ; and if his tail is tucked（塞）behind his legs, it means he is giving up the fight.Unlike dogs, cats' tail language is not so expressive. When a cat feels threatened, he puffs himself up to appear big and his tail shakes with tension. And when he is displeased with something. he lashes out（甩动）his tail.The tail language of dogs and cats has a little story behind it. Earlier when dogs and cats had not become friends with human beings, they were predators. They used to hunt other animals for their food. When dogs went out hunting with their friends, tail language came handy. When they were close to each other, dogs could use facial expressions to talk. But, for long-distance communication, they used their tails. Unlike dogs, cats liked to hunt alone. So they did not need to use tail language too often. As a result, their vocabulary in tail language is much smaller than that of dogs'.In the last paragraph, the underlined word "predators" refers to_____.

Like any teenagers, the face of One Teen Story is changing fast. Just a year old, the monthly magazine of short fiction for young people is getting a new editor-in-chief: Patrick Ryan, 47, the associate editor of Granta from 2009 to 2013. He left the London-based literary journal last month.Editing One Teen Story—the younger sibling（姊妹篇）of One Story magazine—will offer Ryan a chance to reach a whole new audience. "It's really the only magazine for young adult short fiction," he says from his office in New York. "It's tremendously exciting that there are younger people out there who have subscriptions and look forward to getting these stories once a month. That form is usually only presented when it's forced upon them in schools."Designed for readers 14 and up, One Teen Story publishes nine issues a year. Like its sibling magazine, it doesn't carry photographs or advertising.It9s just exactly what it says: one story per issue.Ryan says young people are "looking for engaging reads about people whom they can identify with. It's not about having a message or positive spin（说教）.It always starts on a character level, and it has to have an interesting story. If you look at the 'Twilight' characters and the 'Harry Potter' characters, they feel very contemporary."Ryan also sees the magazine as a way to encourage talented authors. "I would love to make One Teen Story the first publication for writers who then go on and keep at this business. I just really love the idea that this magazine would be the starting point for somebody—would be the push to make a talented writer feel that it was worth keeping at this."Who is Patrick Ryan?

Like any teenagers, the face of One Teen Story is changing fast. Just a year old, the monthly magazine of short fiction for young people is getting a new editor-in-chief: Patrick Ryan, 47, the associate editor of Granta from 2009 to 2013. He left the London-based literary journal last month.Editing One Teen Story—the younger sibling（姊妹篇）of One Story magazine—will offer Ryan a chance to reach a whole new audience. "It's really the only magazine for young adult short fiction," he says from his office in New York. "It's tremendously exciting that there are younger people out there who have subscriptions and look forward to getting these stories once a month. That form is usually only presented when it's forced upon them in schools."Designed for readers 14 and up, One Teen Story publishes nine issues a year. Like its sibling magazine, it doesn't carry photographs or advertising.It9s just exactly what it says: one story per issue.Ryan says young people are "looking for engaging reads about people whom they can identify with. It's not about having a message or positive spin（说教）.It always starts on a character level, and it has to have an interesting story. If you look at the 'Twilight' characters and the 'Harry Potter' characters, they feel very contemporary."Ryan also sees the magazine as a way to encourage talented authors. "I would love to make One Teen Story the first publication for writers who then go on and keep at this business. I just really love the idea that this magazine would be the starting point for somebody—would be the push to make a talented writer feel that it was worth keeping at this."What is One Teen Story?

Like any teenagers, the face of One Teen Story is changing fast. Just a year old, the monthly magazine of short fiction for young people is getting a new editor-in-chief: Patrick Ryan, 47, the associate editor of Granta from 2009 to 2013. He left the London-based literary journal last month.Editing One Teen Story—the younger sibling（姊妹篇）of One Story magazine—will offer Ryan a chance to reach a whole new audience. "It's really the only magazine for young adult short fiction," he says from his office in New York. "It's tremendously exciting that there are younger people out there who have subscriptions and look forward to getting these stories once a month. That form is usually only presented when it's forced upon them in schools."Designed for readers 14 and up, One Teen Story publishes nine issues a year. Like its sibling magazine, it doesn't carry photographs or advertising.It9s just exactly what it says: one story per issue.Ryan says young people are "looking for engaging reads about people whom they can identify with. It's not about having a message or positive spin（说教）.It always starts on a character level, and it has to have an interesting story. If you look at the 'Twilight' characters and the 'Harry Potter' characters, they feel very contemporary."Ryan also sees the magazine as a way to encourage talented authors. "I would love to make One Teen Story the first publication for writers who then go on and keep at this business. I just really love the idea that this magazine would be the starting point for somebody—would be the push to make a talented writer feel that it was worth keeping at this."According to Ryan, what attracts young readers most?

Like any teenagers, the face of One Teen Story is changing fast. Just a year old, the monthly magazine of short fiction for young people is getting a new editor-in-chief: Patrick Ryan, 47, the associate editor of Granta from 2009 to 2013. He left the London-based literary journal last month.Editing One Teen Story—the younger sibling（姊妹篇）of One Story magazine—will offer Ryan a chance to reach a whole new audience. "It's really the only magazine for young adult short fiction," he says from his office in New York. "It's tremendously exciting that there are younger people out there who have subscriptions and look forward to getting these stories once a month. That form is usually only presented when it's forced upon them in schools."Designed for readers 14 and up, One Teen Story publishes nine issues a year. Like its sibling magazine, it doesn't carry photographs or advertising.It9s just exactly what it says: one story per issue.Ryan says young people are "looking for engaging reads about people whom they can identify with. It's not about having a message or positive spin（说教）.It always starts on a character level, and it has to have an interesting story. If you look at the 'Twilight' characters and the 'Harry Potter' characters, they feel very contemporary."Ryan also sees the magazine as a way to encourage talented authors. "I would love to make One Teen Story the first publication for writers who then go on and keep at this business. I just really love the idea that this magazine would be the starting point for somebody—would be the push to make a talented writer feel that it was worth keeping at this."In the last paragraph, the underlined phrase "this business" means _____.

Couples are restricting the size of their families in the.UK because of cash worries brought on by the financial crisis and the subsequent decline. We're now up to nearly 3. 7 million families where there is an only child, a rise from about 3. 3 million in 2005. That means nearly half of all parents have only one child.Financial worries aren't the only driver. The trend towards later motherhood has been mentioned as a cause, as have soaring costs of raising a child, which have been calculatedas￡222.500 from birth to 21 years of age. This is an increase of nearly 40% in 10 years.The increasing availability of IVF（试管婴儿）is also a factor and an interesting one. Couples who might have remained childless in the past now invest in IVF and get pregnant. And because of the cost they stop after one child.It may not be a bad thing; there are outstanding examples of talented only children. Some argue that being an only child promoted their success. These include actors Natalie Portman and AI Pacino, golfer Tiger Woods and even Queen Victoria. A study from the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex also showed that the fewer brothers and sisters a child has, the happier they are. It seems fighting for parental attention and affection—which sometimes descends into physical fights—is more stressful than any adult had previously thought. And it's not compensated（弥补）by having a playmate.The smaller size of UK families is mainly related to_____.

Couples are restricting the size of their families in the.UK because of cash worries brought on by the financial crisis and the subsequent decline. We're now up to nearly 3. 7 million families where there is an only child, a rise from about 3. 3 million in 2005. That means nearly half of all parents have only one child.Financial worries aren't the only driver. The trend towards later motherhood has been mentioned as a cause, as have soaring costs of raising a child, which have been calculatedas￡222.500 from birth to 21 years of age. This is an increase of nearly 40% in 10 years.The increasing availability of IVF（试管婴儿）is also a factor and an interesting one. Couples who might have remained childless in the past now invest in IVF and get pregnant. And because of the cost they stop after one child.It may not be a bad thing; there are outstanding examples of talented only children. Some argue that being an only child promoted their success. These include actors Natalie Portman and AI Pacino, golfer Tiger Woods and even Queen Victoria. A study from the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex also showed that the fewer brothers and sisters a child has, the happier they are. It seems fighting for parental attention and affection—which sometimes descends into physical fights—is more stressful than any adult had previously thought. And it's not compensated（弥补）by having a playmate.The passage shows that IVF is_____.

Couples are restricting the size of their families in the.UK because of cash worries brought on by the financial crisis and the subsequent decline. We're now up to nearly 3. 7 million families where there is an only child, a rise from about 3. 3 million in 2005. That means nearly half of all parents have only one child.Financial worries aren't the only driver. The trend towards later motherhood has been mentioned as a cause, as have soaring costs of raising a child, which have been calculatedas￡222.500 from birth to 21 years of age. This is an increase of nearly 40% in 10 years.The increasing availability of IVF（试管婴儿）is also a factor and an interesting one. Couples who might have remained childless in the past now invest in IVF and get pregnant. And because of the cost they stop after one child.It may not be a bad thing; there are outstanding examples of talented only children. Some argue that being an only child promoted their success. These include actors Natalie Portman and AI Pacino, golfer Tiger Woods and even Queen Victoria. A study from the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex also showed that the fewer brothers and sisters a child has, the happier they are. It seems fighting for parental attention and affection—which sometimes descends into physical fights—is more stressful than any adult had previously thought. And it's not compensated（弥补）by having a playmate.What is a proved advantage of one-child family?

Couples are restricting the size of their families in the.UK because of cash worries brought on by the financial crisis and the subsequent decline. We're now up to nearly 3. 7 million families where there is an only child, a rise from about 3. 3 million in 2005. That means nearly half of all parents have only one child.Financial worries aren't the only driver. The trend towards later motherhood has been mentioned as a cause, as have soaring costs of raising a child, which have been calculatedas￡222.500 from birth to 21 years of age. This is an increase of nearly 40% in 10 years.The increasing availability of IVF（试管婴儿）is also a factor and an interesting one. Couples who might have remained childless in the past now invest in IVF and get pregnant. And because of the cost they stop after one child.It may not be a bad thing; there are outstanding examples of talented only children. Some argue that being an only child promoted their success. These include actors Natalie Portman and AI Pacino, golfer Tiger Woods and even Queen Victoria. A study from the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex also showed that the fewer brothers and sisters a child has, the happier they are. It seems fighting for parental attention and affection—which sometimes descends into physical fights—is more stressful than any adult had previously thought. And it's not compensated（弥补）by having a playmate.The findings of the institute at the University of Essex might mean that_____.