Passage Two The ideas about healthy eating have not changed much from your great-grandmother’s time.Eat a variety of foods,don’t gain weight and avoid too much salt and sugar.But scientists keep changing their advice.In a 2012 U.S. poll,half of the respondents(受访者) said it was easier to do taxes than to figure out what is healthy to eat.Why isn’t it simpler? For one thing,nutrition or food science is really new research.It is not yet reliable.And,there’s lots of money to be made in the food business.So companies will say their food is healthy even if it isn’t. In 2011,the U.S. government put out dietary guidelines about cholesterol(胆固醇) and total fat.The panel of scientists wrote that a healthy diet is “lower in red and processed meat” because these meats lead to higher death rates from cancer and heart disease.After strong objections from the meat industry,that caution was dropped in 2016. The 2016 U.S. nutrition guidelines have 204 pages.They are very complicated,making many believe that they have,at times,contributed to worsening health.For instance,warnings that the fat in butter and cream produced heart attacks made people switch to nondairy creamer.But these contain the trans fats that scientists now think are more harmful. Furthermore,warnings to avoid fat altogether led Americans to eat significantly more carbohydrates(碳水化合物).The carbohydrates in “fat-free” diets increase sugar in the blood,leading to more weight gain. Some nutritionists think the guidelines should be easier to understand,which would put them more in line with the eating advice given by the World Health Organization (WHO).According to the first paragraph，as to what is healthy to eat,people ( ).

Passage Two The ideas about healthy eating have not changed much from your great-grandmother’s time.Eat a variety of foods,don’t gain weight and avoid too much salt and sugar.But scientists keep changing their advice.In a 2012 U.S. poll,half of the respondents(受访者) said it was easier to do taxes than to figure out what is healthy to eat.Why isn’t it simpler? For one thing,nutrition or food science is really new research.It is not yet reliable.And,there’s lots of money to be made in the food business.So companies will say their food is healthy even if it isn’t. In 2011,the U.S. government put out dietary guidelines about cholesterol(胆固醇) and total fat.The panel of scientists wrote that a healthy diet is “lower in red and processed meat” because these meats lead to higher death rates from cancer and heart disease.After strong objections from the meat industry,that caution was dropped in 2016. The 2016 U.S. nutrition guidelines have 204 pages.They are very complicated,making many believe that they have,at times,contributed to worsening health.For instance,warnings that the fat in butter and cream produced heart attacks made people switch to nondairy creamer.But these contain the trans fats that scientists now think are more harmful. Furthermore,warnings to avoid fat altogether led Americans to eat significantly more carbohydrates(碳水化合物).The carbohydrates in “fat-free” diets increase sugar in the blood,leading to more weight gain. Some nutritionists think the guidelines should be easier to understand,which would put them more in line with the eating advice given by the World Health Organization (WHO).The example of the meat industry implies that ( ).

Passage Two The ideas about healthy eating have not changed much from your great-grandmother’s time.Eat a variety of foods,don’t gain weight and avoid too much salt and sugar.But scientists keep changing their advice.In a 2012 U.S. poll,half of the respondents(受访者) said it was easier to do taxes than to figure out what is healthy to eat.Why isn’t it simpler? For one thing,nutrition or food science is really new research.It is not yet reliable.And,there’s lots of money to be made in the food business.So companies will say their food is healthy even if it isn’t. In 2011,the U.S. government put out dietary guidelines about cholesterol(胆固醇) and total fat.The panel of scientists wrote that a healthy diet is “lower in red and processed meat” because these meats lead to higher death rates from cancer and heart disease.After strong objections from the meat industry,that caution was dropped in 2016. The 2016 U.S. nutrition guidelines have 204 pages.They are very complicated,making many believe that they have,at times,contributed to worsening health.For instance,warnings that the fat in butter and cream produced heart attacks made people switch to nondairy creamer.But these contain the trans fats that scientists now think are more harmful. Furthermore,warnings to avoid fat altogether led Americans to eat significantly more carbohydrates(碳水化合物).The carbohydrates in “fat-free” diets increase sugar in the blood,leading to more weight gain. Some nutritionists think the guidelines should be easier to understand,which would put them more in line with the eating advice given by the World Health Organization (WHO).What do we know about nondairy creamer( )?

Passage Two The ideas about healthy eating have not changed much from your great-grandmother’s time.Eat a variety of foods,don’t gain weight and avoid too much salt and sugar.But scientists keep changing their advice.In a 2012 U.S. poll,half of the respondents(受访者) said it was easier to do taxes than to figure out what is healthy to eat.Why isn’t it simpler? For one thing,nutrition or food science is really new research.It is not yet reliable.And,there’s lots of money to be made in the food business.So companies will say their food is healthy even if it isn’t. In 2011,the U.S. government put out dietary guidelines about cholesterol(胆固醇) and total fat.The panel of scientists wrote that a healthy diet is “lower in red and processed meat” because these meats lead to higher death rates from cancer and heart disease.After strong objections from the meat industry,that caution was dropped in 2016. The 2016 U.S. nutrition guidelines have 204 pages.They are very complicated,making many believe that they have,at times,contributed to worsening health.For instance,warnings that the fat in butter and cream produced heart attacks made people switch to nondairy creamer.But these contain the trans fats that scientists now think are more harmful. Furthermore,warnings to avoid fat altogether led Americans to eat significantly more carbohydrates(碳水化合物).The carbohydrates in “fat-free” diets increase sugar in the blood,leading to more weight gain. Some nutritionists think the guidelines should be easier to understand,which would put them more in line with the eating advice given by the World Health Organization (WHO).Some nutritionists think that compared with the WHO advice,the U.S. guidelines ( ).

Passage Two The ideas about healthy eating have not changed much from your great-grandmother’s time.Eat a variety of foods,don’t gain weight and avoid too much salt and sugar.But scientists keep changing their advice.In a 2012 U.S. poll,half of the respondents(受访者) said it was easier to do taxes than to figure out what is healthy to eat.Why isn’t it simpler? For one thing,nutrition or food science is really new research.It is not yet reliable.And,there’s lots of money to be made in the food business.So companies will say their food is healthy even if it isn’t. In 2011,the U.S. government put out dietary guidelines about cholesterol(胆固醇) and total fat.The panel of scientists wrote that a healthy diet is “lower in red and processed meat” because these meats lead to higher death rates from cancer and heart disease.After strong objections from the meat industry,that caution was dropped in 2016. The 2016 U.S. nutrition guidelines have 204 pages.They are very complicated,making many believe that they have,at times,contributed to worsening health.For instance,warnings that the fat in butter and cream produced heart attacks made people switch to nondairy creamer.But these contain the trans fats that scientists now think are more harmful. Furthermore,warnings to avoid fat altogether led Americans to eat significantly more carbohydrates(碳水化合物).The carbohydrates in “fat-free” diets increase sugar in the blood,leading to more weight gain. Some nutritionists think the guidelines should be easier to understand,which would put them more in line with the eating advice given by the World Health Organization (WHO).What seems to be the author’s attitude towards the U.S. nutrition guidelines in 2016( )?

Passage Three As the national attention to fake news and the debate over what to do about it continue,one place where many are looking for solutions is in the classroom. In Scott Bedley’s version of Simon Says,what keep you in the game is to decide correctly whether a news story is real or not.To start off the game,Bedley sends his fifth-graders at Plaza Vista School in Irvine,California,an article to read on their laptops.He gives them about three minutes to make their decision—they have to read the story carefully,examine its source and use their judgment.Those who think the article is false stand up.The “true” believers stay in their seats. Bedley says he’s been trying to teach his students for a while to look carefully at what they’re reading and where it comes from.He’s got a seven-point checklist his students can follow. Bedley also teamed up recently with Todd Flory at Calamus Wheatland Elementary School in Calamus,Iowa,to do a fake news challenge via Skype.Flory’s fourth-graders chose two real article and wrote a fake article of their own.Then,they presented them to Bedley’s class in California. The fifth-graders decided which article out of the three was fake.Most importantly,they had to explain why they thought it was fake.Otherwise,no points. Flory says writing the fake news article was more difficult for his students than they expected because they had to make it believable.“It really hammered home the idea to them that fake news doesn’t have to be too eye-catching,”he says.“It can be a very subtle(微妙的) change,but that subtle change can have big consequences.”What is probably Bedley’s version of Simon Says( )?

Passage Three As the national attention to fake news and the debate over what to do about it continue,one place where many are looking for solutions is in the classroom. In Scott Bedley’s version of Simon Says,what keep you in the game is to decide correctly whether a news story is real or not.To start off the game,Bedley sends his fifth-graders at Plaza Vista School in Irvine,California,an article to read on their laptops.He gives them about three minutes to make their decision—they have to read the story carefully,examine its source and use their judgment.Those who think the article is false stand up.The “true” believers stay in their seats. Bedley says he’s been trying to teach his students for a while to look carefully at what they’re reading and where it comes from.He’s got a seven-point checklist his students can follow. Bedley also teamed up recently with Todd Flory at Calamus Wheatland Elementary School in Calamus,Iowa,to do a fake news challenge via Skype.Flory’s fourth-graders chose two real article and wrote a fake article of their own.Then,they presented them to Bedley’s class in California. The fifth-graders decided which article out of the three was fake.Most importantly,they had to explain why they thought it was fake.Otherwise,no points. Flory says writing the fake news article was more difficult for his students than they expected because they had to make it believable.“It really hammered home the idea to them that fake news doesn’t have to be too eye-catching,”he says.“It can be a very subtle(微妙的) change,but that subtle change can have big consequences.”In Bedley’s game,the fifth-graders ( ).

Passage Three As the national attention to fake news and the debate over what to do about it continue,one place where many are looking for solutions is in the classroom. In Scott Bedley’s version of Simon Says,what keep you in the game is to decide correctly whether a news story is real or not.To start off the game,Bedley sends his fifth-graders at Plaza Vista School in Irvine,California,an article to read on their laptops.He gives them about three minutes to make their decision—they have to read the story carefully,examine its source and use their judgment.Those who think the article is false stand up.The “true” believers stay in their seats. Bedley says he’s been trying to teach his students for a while to look carefully at what they’re reading and where it comes from.He’s got a seven-point checklist his students can follow. Bedley also teamed up recently with Todd Flory at Calamus Wheatland Elementary School in Calamus,Iowa,to do a fake news challenge via Skype.Flory’s fourth-graders chose two real article and wrote a fake article of their own.Then,they presented them to Bedley’s class in California. The fifth-graders decided which article out of the three was fake.Most importantly,they had to explain why they thought it was fake.Otherwise,no points. Flory says writing the fake news article was more difficult for his students than they expected because they had to make it believable.“It really hammered home the idea to them that fake news doesn’t have to be too eye-catching,”he says.“It can be a very subtle(微妙的) change,but that subtle change can have big consequences.”What can be learned about Flory’s fourth-graders( )?

Passage Three As the national attention to fake news and the debate over what to do about it continue,one place where many are looking for solutions is in the classroom. In Scott Bedley’s version of Simon Says,what keep you in the game is to decide correctly whether a news story is real or not.To start off the game,Bedley sends his fifth-graders at Plaza Vista School in Irvine,California,an article to read on their laptops.He gives them about three minutes to make their decision—they have to read the story carefully,examine its source and use their judgment.Those who think the article is false stand up.The “true” believers stay in their seats. Bedley says he’s been trying to teach his students for a while to look carefully at what they’re reading and where it comes from.He’s got a seven-point checklist his students can follow. Bedley also teamed up recently with Todd Flory at Calamus Wheatland Elementary School in Calamus,Iowa,to do a fake news challenge via Skype.Flory’s fourth-graders chose two real article and wrote a fake article of their own.Then,they presented them to Bedley’s class in California. The fifth-graders decided which article out of the three was fake.Most importantly,they had to explain why they thought it was fake.Otherwise,no points. Flory says writing the fake news article was more difficult for his students than they expected because they had to make it believable.“It really hammered home the idea to them that fake news doesn’t have to be too eye-catching,”he says.“It can be a very subtle(微妙的) change,but that subtle change can have big consequences.”The most important task for the fifth-graders was to ( ).

Passage Three As the national attention to fake news and the debate over what to do about it continue,one place where many are looking for solutions is in the classroom. In Scott Bedley’s version of Simon Says,what keep you in the game is to decide correctly whether a news story is real or not.To start off the game,Bedley sends his fifth-graders at Plaza Vista School in Irvine,California,an article to read on their laptops.He gives them about three minutes to make their decision—they have to read the story carefully,examine its source and use their judgment.Those who think the article is false stand up.The “true” believers stay in their seats. Bedley says he’s been trying to teach his students for a while to look carefully at what they’re reading and where it comes from.He’s got a seven-point checklist his students can follow. Bedley also teamed up recently with Todd Flory at Calamus Wheatland Elementary School in Calamus,Iowa,to do a fake news challenge via Skype.Flory’s fourth-graders chose two real article and wrote a fake article of their own.Then,they presented them to Bedley’s class in California. The fifth-graders decided which article out of the three was fake.Most importantly,they had to explain why they thought it was fake.Otherwise,no points. Flory says writing the fake news article was more difficult for his students than they expected because they had to make it believable.“It really hammered home the idea to them that fake news doesn’t have to be too eye-catching,”he says.“It can be a very subtle(微妙的) change,but that subtle change can have big consequences.”The fourth-graders understand that the key to writing false news articles is to make them ( ).