笔果题库
外刊经贸知识选读
历年真题
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trade sanctions
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price-rigging
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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client state
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export quota system
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Passage 1 China's cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China's determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoic creating an overhang of debt. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of extemal debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled. China's access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.Why did China refuse to borrow more until their transport capacity and energy supply have further increased?
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Passage 1 China's cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China's determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoic creating an overhang of debt. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of extemal debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled. China's access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.What does "borrow on commereial terms" imply here
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Passage 1 China's cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China's determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoic creating an overhang of debt. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of extemal debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled. China's access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.Why does China prefer loans from the World Banky
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Passage 2 International conditions for growth in developing in 1991. The seven major industrial countries ( the G-7) experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth-from 2.8 per cent in 1990 to 1. 9 per cent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in continental Europe and Japan. In important respects, the slowdown was different from those that occurred during the 1970s and 1980s. Rather than reflecting the effect of disinflationary policies, weakness in demand was more closely related to the loss of momentum that had built up during the long period of expansion that began in 1983. In addition, a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries was the cyclical deceleration in investment spending.What does the word"grip"imply in this sentence?
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Passage 2 International conditions for growth in developing in 1991. The seven major industrial countries ( the G-7) experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth-from 2.8 per cent in 1990 to 1. 9 per cent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in continental Europe and Japan. In important respects, the slowdown was different from those that occurred during the 1970s and 1980s. Rather than reflecting the effect of disinflationary policies, weakness in demand was more closely related to the loss of momentum that had built up during the long period of expansion that began in 1983. In addition, a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries was the cyclical deceleration in investment spending.How did international conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorate in 1991?